Dragon fruit Herbal Medicine

10+ Amazing Health Benefits from Dragon fruit | Pitaya that you should need to know.

Dragon fruit or red pitaya belongs to the Cactaceae family from the subfamily Cactoidea of the tribe Cactea . The Dragon Fruit / Pitaya plant is magnificent to behold with stunning and beautiful fruit that exhibits vivirant colors and shape. Dragon fruit is not only attractive but is also flavourful that is slightly similar to kiwi and melon that possess amazing health benefits. To know more of this incredible fruit, read on.

Scientific Name: Ceraus, Acanthocereus, Echinocereus, Hylocereus, Selenicereus, Stenocereus, Escontria, Myrthillocactus.

Also knows as: Pitaya, Dragon Fruit, Red Pitahaya, Night blooming Cereus, Strawberry Pear, Belle of the Night, conderella plant
Other common names:
French: cierge-lezard, poire de chardon; German: distelbirn, echte stachelbirn, drachenfrucht; Hawaiian: Pa-nani-o-ka; Portoguese: cato-barse, cardo-ananaz; Spanish: pitahaya roja (Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela); flor de caliz, pitajava (Puerto Rico); junco, junco tapatio, pitahaya orejona, reina de la noche, tasajo (Mexico); Swedish: skogskaktus, röd pitahaya

The Dragon plant is a vine, epiphytic cacti of the genus Hylocereus that is believed to be native in Central and Southern America and has been brought to Southeast Asian countries including Malaysia, Indonesia, Taiwan, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Bangladesh and Vietnam. Dragon plant has fleshy stems that grow up to 20ft long when matured. Dragon plant may grow from the ground or climb onto trees using aerial roots. Dragon plant bears flowers that only bloom at night. The flowers are ornate and beautiful with fragrant scent. Pitahaya plants can have up to 4-6 fruiting cycles per year. The dragon fruit has spines that grows up to 1 kilogram in weight. Dragon fruit skin may be yellowish to dark red in color with edible flesh that maybe white or red depending on the variety. It has a lot of black small seeds that is also edible.
Pitaya or Dragon fruit is also known to have some health benefits that includes preventing memory loss, anti cancer activity, control of blood glucose level in diabeetes, anti-xidant properties, aids in healing of wounds and others.

Dragon fruit Medicinal Uses

Folkloric health Benefits from Dragon fruit.

• Dragon fruit promotes healing of wounds and cuts.
• Dragon fruit improves appetite.
• Dragon fruit improves eye sight
• Dragon fruit can aid in weight reduction
• Dragon fruit improves memory.

Confirmed health Benefits from Dragon fruit.

• Dragon fruit boosts immune system. Dragon fruit is rich in vitamin C and fibers that help provide an overall healthy body.
• Dragon fruit helps in digestion. Because of the richness in fibers, Dragon fruit aids in the digestion of food, Studies also suggest that Dragon fruit promotes the growth of probiotics.
• Dragon fruit help to lower blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetes. Studies also suggest that the the glucose found in Dragon fruit aids in controlling the blood sugar level for diabetes patients.
• Dragon fruit prevent formation of cancer causing free radicals. Dragon fruit is rich in minerals and fibers that aids in digestion, cleans toxic ingredients thus preventing the occurrence of colon cancer.
• Dragon fruit as anti-oxidant. The presence of high level of vitamin C, minerals and pytoalbumin is regarded as relevant in fighting free radicals and possess anti-oxidant properties.
• Dragon fruit helps to control cholesterol level. Dragon fruit is also rich in flavonoids that are known to have favorable effects against cardio related disease.

Scientific Studies of Health Benefits from Dragon fruit

Dragon fruit Mechanism of action in disease treatment and prevention

Pouyrhizus Waste Extract By Using Ultrasonic Solvents Extraction

Pitaya plants also known as Dragon fruit are rich in naturally-occurring flavonoids, which are primarily found in dragon fruit peel. Flavonoids have a wide range of biological activities, such as cell proliferation-inhibiting, apoptosis-inducing, enzyme-inhibiting, antibacterial, and antioxidant effects (Cook and Samman, 1996; Havsteen, 2002; Middleton and Kandaswami, 1993). Moreover, some findings indicate that flavonoids\ has various clinical properties, such as antiatherosclerotic, antiinflammatory, antitumour, antithrombogenic, antiosteoporotic, and antiviral effects (Cook and Samman, 1996; Havsteen, 2002). Numerous epidemiological studies confirm significant relationship between the high dietary intake of flavonoids and the reduction of cardiovascular risk (Cook and Samman, 1996). The formulation of preventive and healthy nutrition requires information about phenolic and flavonoid composition in the dragon fruit waste.
http://umpir.ump.edu.my/805/1/Lee,_Qiao_Hui.pdf

Proximate analysis of dragon fruit (Hylecereus polyhizus).

Dragon fruit is also rich in phytoalbumins which are highly valued for their antioxidant properties. Dragon fruit or Hylocereus polyrhizus is rich in fibers, vitamin C, minerals and phytoalbumins which are highly valued for their antioxidant properties. The dragon fruit helps the digestive process, prevent colon cancer and diabetes, neutralize toxic substances such as heavy metal, reduce cholesterol levels and high blood pressure and consumed regularly the dragon fruit can help against asthma and cough. It is also rich with potassium, protein, fiber, sodium and calcium which goods for health than other fruits.
http://www.freepatentsonline.com/article/American-Journal-Applied-Sciences/208166316.html

The Nutrition and Health Benefits of Tropical Fruits with Special Reference to Red Pitaya

This study indicates hypocholesterolemic effect of tropical fruits including dragon fruit or pitaya as shown in-vivo and human intervention trial, therefore it has a potential of reducing the risk factor for CHD (dyslipidemia)
Soluble fiber increase fecal bile acids losses and chemodeoxycholic acid synthesis and appear to be the best substantiated mechanism by which fiber lowers serum cholesterol.
Other factors that may have contributed to the cholesterol-lowering effects are the plant sterol and phytochemical present in fruits that interfere with cholesterol metabolism
These effects maybe attributed by the active components present in the pitaya fruit such as antioxidant, polyphenolics, thiols, and their antioxidative activity from the betacyanin contents (Wybraniec & Mizrahi, 2002).
The present study results revealed that both treatments (Red pitaya fruit and Lovastatin drug) showed a similar effect in increasing HDL-C and lowering TC, TG and LDL-C level
http://www.madamsun.com/files/Download/The nutrition and health benefits of tropical fruits with special reference to red pitaya.pdf

Dragon fruit confers prebiotic benefits

The researcher concluded that dragon fruit may be used as an ingredient in functional food and nutraceutical products for the overweight individuals and diabetic prevention management. Meanwhile, the prebiotic effect of dragon fruit should be tested in clinical studies with both the raw and extracted flesh for comparison.
http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0887/is_12_29/ai_n56719678/

Wound healing properties of Hylocereus undatus on diabetic rats.

Aqueous extracts of leaves, rind, fruit pulp and flowers of Hylocereus undatus were studied for their wound healing properties. Wound healing effects were studied on incision (skin breaking strength), excision (percent wound contraction) and the nature of wound granulation tissues, which were removed on day 7 and the collagen, hexosamine, total proteins and DNA contents were determined, in addition to the rates of wound contraction and the period of epithelialization. In streptozotocin diabetic rats, where healing is delayed, topical applications of H. undatus produced increases in hydroxyproline, tensile strength, total proteins, DNA collagen content and better epithelization thereby facilitating healing. H. undatus had no hypoglycemic activity. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ptr.1724/abstract;j sessionid=6F4BF99B4BA76679BBF030DA132FCB20.d02t01

Dragon fruit Preparations, Usage and Side Effects

Dragon fruit Preparation and Usage

Dragon is fruit is best eaten fresh, it can be diced, sliced, chilled, add to salads or even blended to make a smoothie.

Where to buy Dragon Fruit.

Dragon fruuits are available in most grocery stores, supermarkets and fruit stores. They are sold in per peice or in a per kilo basis. Dragon fruits are also made into jams, puree, sherbets, salads, fruit pizza, juice and beverages.

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Dragon fruit Warnings and Side Effects

• Dragon fruit is generally a nutritious fruit that is a good source of vitamins and minerals.
• There are no reported side effects in consuming dragen fruit.
• Dragon fruit is safe for consumption even by pregnant and breast feeding mothers.

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Dragon fruit Herbal Medicine: Useful References

NCCAM Clearinghouse. The NCCAM Clearinghouse provides information on CAM and NCCAM, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners.
Toll-free in the U.S.: 1-888-644-6226 TTY (for deaf and hard-of-hearing callers): 1-866-464-3615 Web site: nccam.nih.gov E-mail: info@nccam.nih.gov
PubMed®
A service of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), PubMed® contains publication information and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. CAM on PubMed®, developed jointly by NCCAM and NLM, is a subset of the PubMed® system and focuses on the topic of CAM.
Web site: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
CAM on PubMed® : nccam.nih.gov/research/camonpubmed/

Cordyceps sinensis Herbal Medicine

This article discusses the medicinal uses, health Benefits, side effects and warnings of Cordyceps.

Cordyceps sinensis has been used for centuries in traditional Asian medicine and Chinese medicine, Cordyceps is commonly used in China to promote general wellbeing and health. The lists of health benefits from Cordyceps are impressive.

Scientific Name: Cordyceps Sinensis

Also knows as:

Cordyceps mushroom, Caterpillar fungus (English), dong zhong chang cao, dongchongxiacao (China),  semitake (Japan), zhongcao,  and chongcao (China).

Cordyceps sinensis also known as caterpillar fungus is commonly mistaken as a mushroom but is actually a parasitic fungus, indigenous to China and Tibet. Cordyceps sinensis is formed when the fungus attacks moth caterpillars infecting it with spores during fall then germinates over the winter. When spring comes, the fungus has completely killed and mummified the caterpillar growing and producing a long slender fruiting body.
The fruiting body which is composed the remains of the caterpillar and the fungus are then hand collected, dried and preserved to be used as an herbal medicine.
Cordyceps sinensis has been used for centuries in traditional Asian medicine and Chinese medicine, although only as of late that the western medicine has taken notice for its medicinal benefits.

Cordyceps Sinensis Traditional Health Benefits

Cordyceps sinensis has been used for centuries in Chinese medicine to promote general wellbeing and health. The claimed health benefits from Cordyceps are just simply amazing.

Cordyceps is widely believed to promote overall vitality and longetivity. It is used to slow down aging and promote youthful strength and stamina.

Cordyceps boosts physical energy and endurance. Widely recommended for energy demanding activities such as in sports. It is believed to strengthen the respiratory system, increasing the oxygen intake thereby providing the much needed power and stamina.

Cordyceps is used to strengthen the cardiovascular system. It is believed to improve the blood circulation while regulating the blood pressure and inhibiting the formation of blood clots. irregular heartbeat, anemia and high cholesterol level.

Cordyceps is used as a healing tonic to speed up recovery from illness and injuries and from weakness and fatigue.  Used as a recovery supplement during chemotheraphy.

Cordyceps is used to enhance libido for men and women. It also counters erectile dysfunction in men while strengthening the reproductive organs of women.

Cordyceps is used to strengthen the renal function. Cordyceps acts by preventing excess toxins from accumulating in the body, acting as a diuretic.

The Cordyceps fungus is used to treat chronic bronchitis, coughs and asthma.

Cordyceps has a powerful anti-inflammatory activity and anti-oxidant properties. It is mostly used in prevention and treatment of cancer. It is believed to shirk tumours and prevent secondary illness and infections.

The Cordyceps fungus boosts the  Immune system. By promoting the antibody production, it strengthens the body’s resistance against virus and bacteria related illness and infection.

Cordyceps is used in the treatment of Malaria, Yellow Fever

Cordyceps Sinensis is very effective to counter Opium addiction.

Cordyceps is used to treat liver related problems such as Hepatitis.

Scientific Studies: Cordyceps Sinensis Herbal Medicine

Cordyceps has a broad range of pharmacological and biological actions that include treatment of respiratory disorders such as coughs, chronic bronchitis and asthma. Cordyceps is also used to treat kidney disorders, sexual dysfunction and nighttime urination. Cordyceps is also used to treat heart and blood related ailments such as irregular heartbeat, anemia and high cholesterol level. It is also used for liver disorders such as hepatitis B.  Cordyceps is known to improve the immune system, boost energy and endurance and enhances stamina. The following are some of the scientific studies that may support such claims.

Cordyceps Sinensis has Anti-oxidant health benefit

Cordyceps has been found to possess antioxidant properties in some clinical studies. Cordyceps extracts has been tested to inhibit the oxidation of linoleic acid as well as its scavenging activity against other oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide, superoxide anion and others.
The antioxidant property of Cordyceps sinensis may be attributed to the polyphenolic and flavonoid constituents found therein. These constituents have been established in other scientific studies to protect against free radical scavengers.

Cordyceps has Anti-inflammatory health benefit

In a study published in “Journal of Natural Products, September 2011” entitled “Anti-inflammatory principles from Cordyceps sinensis” showed that Cordyceps sinensis extract has inhibition activity against superoxide anion generation and elastase release. This result suggested that Cordyceps sinensis extract maybe a natural alternative to prevent inflammation.

Cordyceps has Antitumor and Anticancer health benefit

According to a report published in “Japanese Journal of Experimental Medicine, August 1989”, entitled “Antitumor activity of an extract of Cordyceps sinensis (Berk.) Sacc. against murine tumor ell lines” showed that the warm water extract of Cordyceps sinensis has significantly reduced the tumor caused by Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in mice. Other similar studies have been made and they consistently showed that extracts of Cordyceps have activity against broad cancer cell lines including lymphocytic, hepatoma, prostate, colonic and breast cancer cells.

Cordyceps has an Anti-fatigue and anti-stress health benefit

In a report published in Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin of May 2003, entitled “Antifatigue and antistress effect of the hot-water fraction from mycelia of Cordyceps sinensis” have shown that hot water extract of Cordyceps sinensis when administered  to mice has significantly improved its swimming endurance capability from 75 min to 90 minutes. Likewise when the mice were put under stress, stress indicators were suppressed suggesting that the mice experience less stress if compared to a control group.
Another interesting evidence to suggest that Cordyceps may be useful as a performance enhancer, improving endurance and stamina happened in 1992 Olympics where the consistent outstanding performances of Chinese athletes were attributed to Cordyceps supplement.

Cordyceps offers Antiasthma health benefit

Cordyceps has been traditionally used in Chinese medicine for a variety of respiratory problems that included upper respiratory infections, bronchitis and asthma. Cordyceps is believed to increase the oxygen absorption capability of the body, thereby improving the respiratory functions.
Recently, this activity of Cordyceps has been studied and the results was published in China Journal of Chinese Materia Medica, Sept 2001, entitled “Effects of fermented Cordyceps powder on pulmonary function in sensitized guinea pigs and airway inflammation in sensitized rats”, This study showed that Cordyceps significantly inhibited bronchial challenge of ovalbumin-induced change in rats and inhibited antigen-induced increase of eosinophils. The study suggested that powdered Cordyceps extract may be a natural alternative for the prevention and cure of asthma.

Health benefits of Cordyceps for the Heart

In a study published in Journal of Pharmacological Sciences, 2010, entitled “Cordycepin prevents hyperlipidemia in hamsters fed a high-fat diet via activation of AMP-activated protein kinase”, the effect of Cordyceps extract was investigated against hyperlipidemia.
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. It was found that in hamsters fed with high fat diet, the accumulation of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in blood were reduced when administered with Cordyceps extract. It also increased the levels of phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase and phospho-acetyl-CoA carboxylase in liver and retroperitoneal adipose tissues. These results indicate that cordycepin prevents hyperlipidemia via activation of AMPK. Experiments on abnormal metabolic mice indicated that cordycepin can also improve insulin sensitivity effectively.

Health Benefits of Cordyceps for Diabetes Patients

In a report published in “Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Journal, Sept 2010, entitled “A Contemporary Treatment Approach to Both Diabetes and Depression by Cordyceps sinensis, Rich in Vanadium” suggested that Cordyceps enriched with vanadium may be a potential strategy for contemporary treatment of depression and diabetes.
In another study published in American Journal of Chinese Medicine, 2006 entitled “Anti-hyperglycemic activity of natural and fermented Cordyceps sinensis in rats with diabetes induced by nicotinamide and streptozotocin”, the study showed that Cordyceps extract has attenuated diabetes-induced weight loss, polydipsia, and hyperglycemia in rats.

Cordyceps improve the body’s immune response.

In a study published in International Immunopharmacology, 2011, entitled “Immunostimulating activity of the polysaccharides isolated from Cordyceps militaris”, the signaling mechanism of the polysaccharides isolated from fruiting body of Cordyceps militaris was investigated in macrophages to evaluate its immuno-stimulating properties in rats.  Results suggested that Cordyceps extract may potentially regulate the immune response.

Cordyceps Sinensis Usage, Dosage

Where can I buy Cordyceps?

Authentic wild cordyceps is extremely expensive and comes at a variety of grades. As a reference, an authentic wild cordyceps may fetch from $3000/kg and up depending on grade and can be bought from huge and reputable Chinese herbal pharmacy. Because of the prohibitive cost, commercially grown cordyceps in labs are becoming popular. These are available in most health stores, Chinese herbal stores, and even online as in Amazon such as Cordyceps Capsules.
However, when buying cordyceps, be cautious as there are a lot of fake ones that circulates in the market. It is best to buy reputable brands.

Cordyceps Use Warnings and Side Effects

Cordyceps is generally safe in recommended dosage and no major side effects were reported.
Pregnancy and Breast feeding mothers. There are no sufficient studies that establishes the safe use of Cordyceps in pregnant and breast feeding mothers. Use is discouraged. Contra Indications. Cordyceps can boost the immune system therefore it is not recommended for people suffering from auto-immune diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), lupus (systemic lupus erythematosus, SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), or other conditions.
Cordyceps may also interact with immune system depressants such as Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan, Neosar), Prednisolone, or other immunosupressant drugs.

Coconut / Buko Herbal Medicine

10+ Surprising Health Benefits from Coconut / Buko (Cocos nucifera) that you should know..

Coconut / Buko (Cocos nucifera). In most Pacific islanders, is called the tree of life for its versatility of use. Almost every part of the Coconut / buko tree has good use as seen in many domestic, commercial and industrial applications. It is also valued in traditional medicine for the many health benefits it provide, from graying hair to cancer. We shall examine in this article how they are used and what are the scientific basis if any.

Scientific Name: Cocos nucifera

Common Names: Cocos nucifera

The Coconut / Buko tree ;(Cocos nucifera), is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family) The Coconut / Buko tree is of the genus Cocos. The Coconut / Buko tree or Coconut / Buko palm can be found in rainforests and countries with tropical climate such as in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Pacific. In the United States, Coconut / Buko tree can be found in Hawaii, the Southern tip of Florida, and the Virgin Islands.

The Coconut / Buko tree has erect graceful gray colored trunk, swollen at the base and grows slightly curved. The truck is ringed due to old leaf scars and is smooth. The Coconut / Buko tree is topped by a crown composed of about 25 to 30 pinnate feather-like leaves that are about 6 feet wide and 18 feet long. There are about 200 leaflets in every leaf, colored yellow green when young and as it matures turned to brown. The Coconut / Buko leaves are shed as it grows old and young new shoots grows from the top most of the crown.
Coconut / Buko flowers start to bloom when the Coconut / Buko is about 4 to 6 years of age. The Coconut / Buko flowers are yellow and are sweet scented. The flowers grow in clusters from a branched stalked with both male and female flowers growing from the same inflorescence.
The flower buds turned to Coconut / Buko fruits that grow to a large nut like shape about 10 inches in diameter and about 12 inches in length. The fruit is commonly called as Coconut / Buko . The Coconut / Buko has a smooth hard protective outer layer, usually green, but others may be pale yellow, silver-gold or brown depending on variety and age. Coconut / Buko fruit has a husk of about 1 to 2 inches thick with an inner hollow round seed of about 5 to 7 inches in diameter. The Coconut / Buko seed has a hard shell that when cracked open will reveal a layer of white edible meat and about a glassful of sweet watery Coconut / Buko milk. A matured Coconut / Buko tree can produce about 50 to 200 Coconut / Buko s per year depending on variety and growing conditions.

Coconut / Buko Health Benefits as in Traditional Medicine

Traditional Health Benefits of Coconut / Buko

Coconut has long been used in traditional medicine for almost any kind of illness and almost all parts have their uses. Among these health benefits are as follows.

• Antifungal and antimicrobial treatment for skin and mouth problems such as ring worms, candidiasis, psoriasis, sores, skin burns, sunburns, toothache, sore throat and ulcers.
  
• Coconut oil is massage over the skin as anti ageing regimen to keep  skin soft and youthful looking. Used as oil massge to remove heel cracks and darkening of armpits.
  
• Coconut  oil is used to treat scalp and hair problems. From greying hair, dandruff  to baldness.
  
• Coconut oil is an antidote for pesticide poisoning
  
• Coconut water is used to treat colitis, kidney stones, and stomach acidity.
  
• Coconut water is also used as diuretic to improve removal of excess water.
  
• Coconut water is used for the treatment of urinary tract, gall bladder and kidney problems.
  
• Used for the treatment of catarrhal inflammation associated with common colds and coughs.
  
• Consume the flesh of Coconut with Coconut Milk and Honey. It increases libido in both men and women.
  
• Coconut water is used to treat measles.

Science Based Health Benefits from Coconut / Buko Herbal Medicine

Coconut / Buko has many claims of health benefits in traditional medicine. Only recently that laboratory studies and researches has been made to verify its effectivity and science has uphold some its claims as cure for many health problems.

Coconut health benefit 1: Immune System Booster

• Coconut oil is good for the immune system.
• Coconut water is now considered as a potent nutritional source that can boost energy and endurance, enhancing physical and athletic performance.

Coconut health benefit 2: Aids the digestive system

• Coconut has been found to improve digestion and hasten the absorption of nutrients including vitamins, minerals, and amino acids
• Coconut is also effective in expelling parasites such as tapeworms and lice

Coconut health benefit 3: Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal actions.

• The coconut oil contains antimicrobial lipids, capric acid, caprylic acid and lauric acid that are known to possess antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral properties.
• Coconut helps strengthen the immune system by converting lauric acid into monolaurin which limits the activities of viruses that cause diseases such as influenza, herpes, measles, hepatitis C, SARS, and even AIDS.
• Coconut also fights bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes and heliobacter pylori that are causes of diseases such as throat infections, gum disease, ulcers, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and gonorrhea.
• Coconut is also used in the treatment of fungi and yeast infections such as ringworm, athlete's foot, thrush, diaper rash and candidiasis.

Coconut health benefit 4: Skin and Hair Care

• Coconut oil is widely used to promote healthy growth of hair.
• Coconut is traditionally used to treat baldness, dandruff and head lice,
• Coconut oil is used as hair conditioner to nourish damaged hair.
• Coconut oil is also used as topical applicant for wounds and burns to lubricate skin and to protect from infections.
• Reduces symptoms associated to psoriasis, eczema, and dermatitis. It also helps to soften the skin and relieve dryness and flaking.
• Prevents wrinkles, sagging skin, and age spots.
• Coconut is also used as a protection against the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Coconut health benefit 5: Prevents Heart disease

There is a misconception about coconut oil that has been propagated long since being high in saturated fats that can cause heart diseases. In the contrary, recent researches have shown that the saturated fats found in coconut oil is a type of unique fat molecule known as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) that actually prevents heart diseases. The medium-chain fatty acids found in coconut oil increases the HDL level (good cholesterol) while lowering the LDL (bad cholesterol) in the blood thus improving the ratio of HDL to LDL which is the basis for heart disease risks. The p-Coumaric acid in coconut oil prevents the formation of arterial plaque by preventing the stickiness of the blood platelet, lowering the blood pressure and reducing the risk of damaging the arteries and preventing the development of atherosclerosis.

Coconut health benefit 6: Aids weight loss

The medium-chain fatty acids found in coconut oil are readily burned into energy preventing the formation of fats. This process also relieves the pancreases of stress, making it more efficient, increasing the body metabolism, thereby burning more energy that results to weight reduction. This likewise reduces the symptoms of pancreatitis. Furthermore, coconut oil is easy to digest helping the thyroid and the enzyme system to function properly as well. In a study done on women who were given coconut oil supplementation for 12 weeks as compared to those given with soybean oil have indicated that women who took 30 milliliters of coconut oil daily have lower body mass index and reduced waist line.

Coconut health benefit 7: Antioxidant and anti-cancer

• Coconut oil extracted by cold press process or commonly called virgin coconut oil naturally contains Tocopherol (Vitamin E), Ferulic and p-Coumaric acids that are known as potent antioxidants.
• The antioxidants in coconut helps protect the body from free radicals that are the primary cause of premature aging, degenerative disease and even cancer.
• Coconut oil is traditionally used to protect the body against colon, breast and other cancers.
• The antioxidative property of coconut oil also protects other essential fatty acids in the body from oxidation.

Other health benefits

• Coconut oil helps relieve symptoms and reduce health risks associated with diabetes by improving insulin secretion and utilization of blood glucose
• Helps relieve symptoms associated with chronic fatigue syndrome.
• Relieves symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostate enlargement).
• Reduces epileptic seizures.
• Coconut water is good for urinary, kidney and bladder problems.
• Helps prevent liver disease.
• Coconut improves the absorption of calcium and magnesium that supports bone development that is beneficial for osteoporosis prevention.
• Relieves pain and irritation caused by hemorrhoids.

Coconut / Buko Herbal Medicine Preparations, Usage and Side Effects

Coconut / Buko Herbal Preparation and Usage

• Coconut / Buko meat can be used in cooking along with other vegetables and meat or can be eaten raw.
• Coconut water is best consumed fresh after the coconut is opened it is taken as supplement to water intake. It can also be used to wash skin problems and as mouth wash.
• One teaspoon of coconut oil can be mixed with a glass of milk, coffee or other drinks.
• Coconut oil may be applied and massaged directly to the affected area.
• Virgin coconut oil can be taken one teaspoon at a time, twice a day.

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Where can I get Coconut / Buko ?

Fresh coconut is available in most Asian and Indian grocery stores and markets.
Fresh coconut should be consumed immediately upon opening to benefit from its natural properties. Fresh coconut water can be refrigerated up to 12 hours in a tightly sealed container to maintain its freshness.
You can make your own virgin coconut oil as follows:

1. Crack to open a mature (brown) coconut
2. Scrape the white meat off the shell
3. Cut and shred into fine pieces using a blender / food processor
4. Filter and extract the juice into a clean jar using a clean cloth.
5. Let it stay in a cold place for 24 hours to separate the oil from the curd
6. Remove and dispose of the the curd and harvest the oil.

Virgin coconut / buko oil are now available in many health sotres even in some grocery and super markets. If you can't find one in your area, online stores such as Amazon carry a few listings such as Carrington Farms Organic Extra Virgin Coconut Oil. Just llok out for a reputable manufacturer and follow the instructions found in the label for safe use.

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Coconut / Buko Herb Warnings and Side Effects

• Fresh Coconut Water is one of the best natural drinks there is.
• There is no known or reported side effect fro its use and consumption.
• Coconut water is safe even for children and pregnant women.
• Moderate use of virgin coconut oil or coconut oil extracted by cold press has no known side effects.

Celery (Apium graveolens) Herbal Medicine

10+ Amazing Health Benefits from Celery that you need to know about.

Celery (Apium graveolens) is a biennial plant specie in the family of Apiaceae whose other members include carrots, dill and parsley. Celery is a common vegetable known for its leafy stalk that has a distinctive flavor and crunchy texture popularly added to salads and dishes. Unknown to many, this leafy vegetable contains potent amount of antioxidants and antiinflamatory substances coupled with unique combination of vitamins and minerals can provide valuable health benefits to man especially for hypertension.

Scientific Name: Apium graveolens

Common Names:

Celery, kintsay, Apio, Ch'in-nst'ai, Quichay, Fan qin cai.

Celery plant grows to a height of up to 500 cm. Celery has leaf stalks that are conical in shape growing from a common base and are topped with leaves that are pinnate to bipinnate with rhombic leaflets about 3 to 6 cm long and 2 to 5 cm broad.
Celery produces flowers that are creamy-white in color about 2–3 mm in diameter arranged in dense compound umbels. Celery seeds are broad ovoid about 1 to 2 mm long and wide
While celery is prized for its leaf stalk, the leaves, roots and seeds can also be used as a food and seasoning as well as an herbal medicinal remedy.

Celery / Apium graviolens Health Benefits as in Traditional Medicine

Traditional Health Benefits of Celery

1. As diuretic that helps to relieve excess water and salts through urination.
   
2. Celery is used to help treat kidney and gall bladder stones.
   
3. Used for stomach problems such as flatulence, indigestion and as purgative.
   
4. Used as emmenagogue that encourages menstrual blood flow,
   
5. Used as an antidote for poisoninig.
   
6. Used as treatment for edema or widespread swelling of the skin due to fluid retention.
   
7. Used for the treatment of colic babies.
   
8. Used in controlling hypertension.
   
9. Decoction of seeds used for bronchitis and asthma.
   
10. Decoction of seeds also used in India for liver and spleen diseases.
    
11. Used as invigorating and stimulating preparation that is intended for a medicinal purpose
12. Celery seed infusions used for rheumatoid arthritis and gout.
    
13. Celery roots used as aphrodisiac.

Science Based Health Benefits from Celery Herbal Medicine

Celery is one of the more popular herbal medicine that had the attention of many researchers. Many of the published studies confirmed the potential of Celery in controlling blood pressure. Below are some of the excerpts from these studies along with other related studies confirming the other traditional uses of Apium graveolens.

Celery helps to boost the immune system

Celery has an immune boosting health benefit because it is rich in vitamins and minerals that helps support the immune system against harmful pathogens. Celery leaves contain powerful flavonoids and antioxidants like Lutein, Zea-xanthin and Beta-carotene that fight Polyacetylenes and Phthalides. Celery also contains Niacin and Riboflavin that is known for boosting the metabolism.

Celery is rich in vitamin A and vitamin K that is needed for healthy skin, eye sight and mucus membranes. It guards the body against Lung Cancer and Oral Cancer.It has health benefits in bone formation and prevents neuronal damage to the brain.

Celery can lower cholesterol level.

In a study published iin “Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology Journal, Mar. 1996” genetically hypercholesterolaemic and normocholesterolaemic rats that were given celery extracts exhibited lower concentration of cholesterol in blood compared to control rats that were not given celery extract.

Celery can lower high blood pressure

Celery contains active compounds called phthalides. Phthalides has been found to help relax the muscles around the arteries and dilating the blood vessels thereby facilitating blood flow. The compound 3-n-butyl phthalide has been found to lower the blood pressure in laboratory rats to about 12 to 14%. Celery is also a good source of blood pressure lowering minerals such as potassium, calcium and magnesium

Celery has Diuretic Activity

Celery stalks and seeds has always been used traditionally as diuretic. Celery contains minerals such as potassium, sodium and other constituents that help regulate the fluid balance in the body and stimulating urine production to excrete excess body fluids.

Celery has Anti Cancer property

Celery is contains anti cancer compound called phenolic acid that acts against prostaglandins that encourage the growth of tumor cells. Celery also contains coumarins – a compound that acts against free radicals thereby protecting the cells from oxidative stress and damage. 

Celery helps in Relieving Constipation:

Celery has a natural laxative effect that is beneficial against constipation.

Celery can Improve Kidney function

The diuretic activity of celery helps promote healthy and normal kidney function. Celery helps in the elimination of toxins from the body and prevents the formation of kidney stones.

Anti inflammatory activity of celery

Celery is rich in vitamins C that helps the body fight against cell damaging free radicals that cascades into inflammation. This activity offers health benefits for people with asthma, rheumatism and osteoarthritis.

Celery can improve cardio vascular health

Celery is a very good source of vitamin C, a vitamin that helps to support the immune system. Vitamin C also acts against free radicals that oxidize cholesterol and lead to plaques deposits causing stoke and heart attacks.

Celery Herbal Medicine Preparations, Usage and Side Effects

Celery Herbal Preparation and Usage

Celery can be cooked along with other vegetables or the stalks and leaves can be eaten raw as in salads.
Celery juice. Fresh celery stalks and leaves can be mixed with other vegetable and fruits in a food prcessor or blending machine. Taken once a day to boost immunity and overall health.
Celery Tea: Mix one teaspoon of dried celery seeds and leaves to a cup of water, boil for 10 minutes. Can be taken three times a day. until conditon improves. Celery tea is taken as relaxant, gout and rheumatism treatment, diuretic and others.
Celery roots can be mixed with soups or as in salads to boost fertility and sex drive.
Celery seed can be taken naturally as fresh or as dried seeds but they tend to be bitter and difficult to swallow. Specially prepared celery tablets and capsules are now available while it may also be available in seed extract form from Amazon.

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Where can I get Fresh Celery?

Although it is available throughout the year in most markets and vegetable stores, Celery can be at its best during its peak season at summer months when the local varieties can easily be found. Commercially grown celery is highly sprayed with pesticide, go for those organically grown. Pick the stalks that are firm with leaves that are brightly colored and not wilting. Fresh celery can be refrigerated (not frozen) up to 7 days if properly wrapped in paper or plastic to retain moisture.

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Celery Herb Warnings and Side Effects

• Celery when consumed in food quanity is considered safe
• In large dozes, pure celery juice can be a purgative and may cause pregnancy abortion.
  
• Do not take in large quanitity if you have a kidney disorder.
  
• May cause allergic reactions such as swelling, hives, shortnesss of breath and potentially fatal shock.
  
• Consumption of large quantity of celery seed oil may cause central nervous system problems.
  
• Consumption of large dosage may cause diarrhea and upset stomach.
  
• May affect diuretic medications or any blood thinning medicines. Consult your doctor.

Bayabas (Psidium guajava) Herbal Medicine

Bayabas uses, health benefits, side effects, warnings.of use.

Bayabas or guava fruit is known for being rich in vitamin C and vitamin A. It has value in herbal medicine for its antiseptic activity in treating wounds, ulcers, bacterial infections and diarrhea. Bayabas contains various compaounds that provides bariious health benefits for man and this article will examine these claims as referenced to scientific studies..

Scientific Name: Psidium guajava

Also knows as: Bayawas (Bik.), Biabas (Sul.), Gaiyabat (If.), Gaiyabit (If.) Geyabas (Bon.), Guayabas (Tag.), Guava (Engl.), Guyabas(Ilk., Tag.), Kalimbahin (Tag.), Psidium cujavus Linn. Bagabas (Ig.), Psidium aromaticum Blanco Bayabas (Ilk., Tag.), Psidium pyriferum Linn. Bayabo (Ibn.), Psidium pomiferum Linn. Bayauas (Bik., Pang.),Tayabas (Tag.)

Bayabas or guava is a fruit bearing shrub or small tree that grows in the tropical climate like Mexico, Peru and the Philippines. Bayabas is widely used in the Philippines as herbal medicine and is recognized by the Philippine Department of Health for its antiseptic property.
.Bayabas leaves and fruits contain eugenol, tannin, saponins, amydalin, phenolic acids, malic acid, ash, aldehydes, catequinic components and flavonoids. Bayabas or guava is used in herbal medicine as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, antioxidant hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, anti-plasmodial, anti-cough, antidiabetic, and antigenotoxic.
Bayabas or guava tree grows 3 to10 meters tall with greenish to red-brownish smooth bark. Bayabas produce a round globular bayabas fruit that starts as a flower. The bayabas fruit is green and turns yellowish-green and soft when ripe. Bayabas fruit has many small hard seeds contained in a yellowish pulp. Bayabas fruit is usually eaten while still green and hard.

Bayabas Medicinal Uses

Bayabas in Traditional and Folkloric Medicine For Skin Problems

Bayabas is traditionally used as antiseptic and antiinflammatory for skin conditions such as

• skin burns,
• scalds,
• scrapes,
• sunburn
• wounds
• psoriasis
• eczema and others

Crushed bayabas leaf or boiled leaves is applied directly to the affected skin, providing relief and believed to improve healing.

Bayabas is traditionally used to treat stomach problems

• diarrhea
• dusentery
• flatulence

A decoction of bayabas leaves is taken 3-5 glasses per day.

Other health benefits of bayabas or guava in herbal medicine include

• anti-spasmodic,
• antioxidant
• hepatoprotective,
• anti-allergy,
• antimicrobial,
• anti-plasmodial,
• anti-cough,
• antidiabetic, and
• antigenotoxic.

Science Based Health Benefits from Bayabas

Bayabas Mechanism of action in disease prevention

Renal protective effects of extracts from guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) in diabetic mice.

This study analyzed the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids in extracts of guava fruit and examined the renal protective effects of guava extract in diabetic mice. The findings support that guava fruit could protect kidney against diabetic progression via its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-glycative effects. Source: Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (2012, Sept)

Anti-hyperglycaemic (Diabetic) potential of Psidium guajava raw fruit peel.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the glycaemic potential of Psidium guajava unripe fruit peel extract on blood glucose level of normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Results had shown guava extract lowered the fasting blood glucose to a considerable degree suggesting the hypoglycaemic as well as antidiabetic effect of guava extract in diabetic rats. Source: Indian Journal of Medical Research (2009 May).

Antioxidative activities of Psidium guajava Linn leaves extracts

A study conducted to determine the antioxidative activities of the extracts from Psidium guajava Linn leaves showed that it has effects on scavenging hydroxyl radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in the dose-dependent manner, The guava extracts possess the potential antioxidative activities and the flavonoids may be one of their antioxidative components. Source: Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research (2007 May).

Antimicrobial effects of psidium guajava extract as one mechanism of its antidiarrhoeal action.

The objective for this study was to verify if the reported modes of the antidiarrhoeal action should be broadened to include direct antimicrobial actions on some of the more common bacteria known to cause toxin-induced acute diarrhoea. 10 organisms grown separately on nutrient agar plateswere subjected to guava water extract and results have shown that the growth of all these organisms was inhibited suggesting the antidiarrhoeal activity. Source: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (1999 Jul).

Bayabas Preparations, Usage and Side Effects

Bayabas Preparation and Usage

How to use Bayabas as an antiseptic and astringent

1. Gather fresh bayabas leaves and wash with water.
2. Boil one cup of bayabas leaves in three cups of water for 8 to 10 minutes.
3. Strain and let cool.
4. To use as mouthwash, gargle
5. To use as wound disinfectant, wash affected areas 2 to 3 times a day.
6. Use as vaginal wash especially after child birth.

Fresh bayabas leaves can also be chewed for the treatment of toothache and gum swelling.
To hasten wound healing, fresh bayabas leaf poultice may be applied to the wound.
If symptoms persist or aggravates, stop use and consult your doctor.

For diarrhea and control of stomach parasites

• Gather fresh Bayabas leaves,
• Boil chopped pieces of about 4 to 6 tablespoon for every 18 ounces of water.
• Strain and let cool.
• Drink ¼ cup of decoction every 3-4 hours until symptoms improve.

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Bayabas Warnings and Side Effects

• Eating too much of Bayabas fruit can cause constipation.
• If there is no improvement to diarrhea symptoms in two days, consult your doctor.

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Bayabas Herbal Medicine: Useful References

NCCAM Clearinghouse. The NCCAM Clearinghouse provides information on CAM and NCCAM, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners.
Toll-free in the U.S.: 1-888-644-6226 TTY (for deaf and hard-of-hearing callers): 1-866-464-3615 Web site: nccam.nih.gov E-mail: info@nccam.nih.gov
PubMed®
A service of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), PubMed® contains publication information and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. CAM on PubMed®, developed jointly by NCCAM and NLM, is a subset of the PubMed® system and focuses on the topic of CAM.
Web site: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
CAM on PubMed® : nccam.nih.gov/research/camonpubmed

Bawang (Allium sativum L.) Herbal Medicine

Bawang uses, health benefits, side effects, warnings.

Garlic or Bawang (Allium sativum L.) has been used as a spice, food, and medicine for over 5,000 years, and is one of the earliest documented herbs utilized for the maintenance of health and treatment of disease. Under its name, numerous list of traditional health benefits are claimed. This article discusses these traditional health benefits and provides evidence based studies as support and suggests its proper use and warnings.

Scientific name: Allium sativum L.

Common name: garlic (English); ajo (Spanish); ail (French); arishtha, lashuna (Sanskrit); lasan (Hindu and Gujarat); vellaipundu (Tamil).

Bawang or garlic, is a specie in the onion family Alliaceae. Bawang is a close relative of onion (sibuyas), the shallot, the leek and the chive. Bawang has been used throughout recorded history for both culinary and medicinal purposes.
Bawang is a low herb, growing to up to 2 feet high. Bawang is widely popular for its bulbs. Bawang bulbs are broadly ovoid, 2 to 4 cm in diameter, consisting of several cloves. Bawang leaves are linear and flat. Umbels are globose, many flowered. Sepas are oblong, greenish white, slightly tinged with purple.
Bawang has a characteristic pungent, spicy flavor that mellows and sweetens considerably with cooking. Bawang cloves are used as seed, for consumption (raw or cooked), and for medicinal purposes. The leaves, stems (scape) and flowers (bulbils) on the head (spathe) are also edible and most often consumed while immature and still tender.

Bawang (Allium sativum L.) Medicinal Uses

Bawang in Traditional and Folkloric Medicine

Bawang has long been used in traditional medicne by various cultures, Widely known health benefits include the folliwng:

• In ancient Rome bawang was fed to the athletes for increasing stamina
  
• In ancient Chinese and Indian medicine,  bawang is used to aid respiration and digestion and to treat leprosy and parasitic infestation
  
• Bawang is also used to treat  arthritis, toothache, chronic cough, constipation, parasitic infestation, snake and insect bites,
  
• Bawang is also used for gynecologic diseases, as well as in infectious diseases (as antibiotic).
  
• Bawang consumption is known to lower blood pressure
  
• Consumption of bawang prevents heart diseases
  
• Bawang is believed to help treat cancer.

Science Based Health Benefits from Bawang

Bawang Mechanism of action in disease prevention

Bawang contains antibacterial compound known as Allicin, Because of this bawang or garlic is known as nature's antibiotic. Bawang juice inhibits the growth of fungi and viruses thus prevents viral yeast and viral infections. Preliminary test shows Bawang to have some positive results in the treatment of AIDS.
The Philippine Department of Health has endorsed Bawang as an alternative herbal medicine for its anti bacterial properties and its efficacy for controlling hypertension, blood cholesterol and blood sugar for diabetics among others.
The following are a number of studies that suggests the medicinal value of bawang in treating various diseases:

Garlic for the common cold

A study published in  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews tried to determine whether garlic (Allium sativum) is effective for the prevention or treatment of the common cold, when compared to placebo, no treatment or other treatments. Results showed that a single trial suggested that garlic may prevent occurrences of the common cold but more studies are needed to validate this finding. Claims of effectiveness appear to rely largely on poor‐quality evidence.

Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic.

Allicin, one of the active principles of freshly crushed garlic homogenates, has a variety of antimicrobial activities. Allicin in its pure form was found to exhibit

1. antibacterial activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant enterotoxicogenic strains of Escherichia coli;
2. antifungal activity, particularly against Candida albicans;
3. antiparasitic activity, including some major human intestinal protozoan parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia; and
4. antiviral activity.

The main antimicrobial effect of allicin is due to its chemical reaction with thiol groups of various enzymes, e.g. alcohol dehydrogenase, thioredoxin reductase, and RNA polymerase, which can affect essential metabolism of cysteine proteinase activity involved in the virulence of E. histolytica. Source : Microbes and Infection (1999, Feb)

Potential of garlic (Allium sativum) in lowering high blood pressure:

Garlic supplements have shown promise in the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension, lowering blood pressure (BP) by about 10 mmHg systolic and 8 mmHg diastolic, similar to standard BP medication.  Hypertension could be alleviated with supplementation of organosulfur compounds derived from garlic Source: Journal of Integrated Blood Pressure Control Hypertension (2014, Jul)

Bawang Preparations, Usage and Side Effects

Bawang Preparation, Availability and Usage

Bawang - Antiinfectious: Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic. Bawang juice is applied to the afflicted area. Scientifically ajoene 0.4% cream when applied topically, has been found 70% effective in certain dermatologic fungal infections. A 0.6% gel was effective in tinea corporis and tinea cruris.
Bawang - Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity when included in diet.
Bawang - Hypertension: Bawang when eaten or chewed raw. Studies suggest ingestion of Bawang has beneficial antihypertensive effect but blood-lowering effects probably not dramatic. Other studies show a vascular benefit through improvement of aortic elasticity and possible slowing of the rate of atherosclerosis progression
Bawang - Hyperlipidemia: Bawang eaten or chewed raw is found to lower blood cholesterol. Though still controversial, but probably has beneficial effect on serum cholesterol and LDL levels. Some studies have shown a 4% to 12% lowering of total cholesterol. Bawang seems to have no effect on high density lipoprotein (HDL).
Bawang - Anti-cancer: Bawang is studied to have possible anticarcinogenic properties, specifically for colon, stomach and prostate cancers. In stomach cancers, probably through its inhibitory effect on H. pylori. In epidemiologic studies on stomach and colorectal cancer prevention, the garlic use was 3.5 grams to 30 grams of fresh or cooked garlic per week.

Other folkloric uses of Bawang as herbal medicine that needs further studies for verification:

Arthritis, rheumatism, toothaches: Crush several Bawang cloves and rub on affected areas.
Headaches: Crush one Bawang clove and apply to both temples as poultice.
Insect bites: Crush Bawang or cut clove crosswise and rub directly to affected area.
Athlete's foot.Crush Bawang or cut clove crosswise and rub directly to affected area.
Fever, Decoction of boiled Bawang leaves and bulbs set to luke warm and applied to the head and body.
Colds, cough, sore throat, hoarseness, asthma and bronchitis; Nasal congestion steam inhalation of chopped Bawang and a teaspoon of vinegar in boiling water.
Fresh Bawang has been used as a complement herbal medicine to INH therapy for tuberculosis.
Digestive problems and gastrointestinal spasms. drink an infusion of a peeled bawang clove or can also be used as suppository.

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Bawang Warnings and Side Effects

• Known adverse effects of bawang include halitosis (non-bacterial bad breath), indigestion, nausea, emesis and diarrhea.
• Bawang may interact with warfain, antiplatelets, saquinavir, antihypertensives, calcium channel blockers, hypoglycemic drugs, as well as other medications. Consult a health professional before taking bawang supplement or consuming excessive amounts of bawang.
• Bawang can thin the blood similar to the effect of aspirin.
• While culinary quantities of bawang are considered safe for consumption, very high quantities of bawang and garlic supplements have been linked with an increased risk of bleeding, particularly during pregnancy and after surgery and child birth. Some breastfeeding mothers have found their babies slow to feed and have noted a garlic odour coming from their baby when they have consumed garlic or bawang. The safety of bawang supplements had not been determined for children.
• The side effects of long-term bawang supplementation, if any exist, are largely unknown and no FDA-approved study has been performed. However, garlic or bawang has been consumed for several thousand years without any adverse long-term effects, suggesting that modest quantities of bawang pose, at worst, minimal risks to normal individuals. Possible side effects include gastrointestinal discomfort, sweating, dizziness, allergic reactions, bleeding, and menstrual irregularities.
• Some degree of liver toxicity has been demonstrated in rats, particularly in extremely large quantities exceeding those that a rat would consume under normal situations.
• There have been several reports of serious burns resulting from bawang or garlic being applied topically for various purposes, including naturopathic uses and acne treatment, so care must be taken to test a small area of skin using a very low concentration of bawang.On the basis of numerous reports of such burns, including burns to children, topical use of bawang, as well as insertion of bawang into body cavities is discouraged. In particular, topical application of bawang to young children is not advisable.
• Garlic or bawang and onions might be toxic to cats or dogs. If you wish to feed them to your pet, first use only one flake or a pinch.

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Bawang Herbal Medicine: Useful References

Auer W, Eiber A, Hertkorn E, Hoehfeld E, Koehrle U, Lorenz A, Mader F, Merx W, Otto G, Schmid-Otto B, et al. Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia: garlic helps in mild cases. Br J Clin Pract Suppl. 1990;69:3–6. [PubMed]
Avicenna A. In: Al Qanoon Fil Tib. Sharafkandi, S, translator. IV. Tehran, Iran: Soroosh Press; 1988. pp. 122–178.
Aviello G, Abenavoli L, Borrelli F, Capasso R, Izzo AA, Lembo F, Romano B, Capasso F. Garlic: empiricism or science? . Nat Prod Commun. 2009;4:1785–1796. [PubMed]
Bakhshi M, Taheri JB, Shabestari SB, Tanik A, Pahlevan R. Comparison of therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of garlic and nystatin mouthwash in denture stomatitis. Gerodontology. 2012;29:e680–684. [PubMed]

Avocado Herbal Medicine

Avocado Health Benefits, Dosage, Side effects and Warnings.

Scientific Name: Persea americana

Common Name: Avocado, Alligator Pear (English); Aguacate, Palta (Spanish)

The fruit of Persea americana, commonly known as avocado, is an edible fruit from Central America which is easily adaptable in tropical regions. The avocado has an olive-green peel and thick pale yellow pulp that is rich in fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic, linolenic, capric, and myristic acids. Avocado is normally used for human consumption, but it also known to provide many health benefits thus it is used in herbal medicine in Mexico and elsewhere in the world
The Avocado tree (Persea Americana) is an evergreen tree that is native to Central and South America. Avocado is classified as a flowering plant of Lauraceae family. Avocado can grow to heights of 40 to 80 feet and is well branched forming a broad tree.
Avocado is highly valued for its fruit and oil. Avocado is widely cultivated in southern American regions and was introduced in other countries with tropical climates.
The popular variety in the Untied States are grown in California and Florida. Other popular varieties are from Mexico, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Brazil and from west India. Avocado is commercially cultivated in Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Malyasia, Sri Lanka, Japan, China, Spain, Palestine, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand,, and Hawaii.
Avocado leaves are alternate, glossy, elliptic or oval in shape, 3 to 10 inches long and dark green with paler veins. The Guatemalan and Mexican varieties are anise scented and are used for its medicinal properties, while other varieties are scentless. Avocado leaves contains high level of oil, shed its leaves every 2 to 3 years.
Avocado flowers are small, greenish, and perfect (has both male and female parts). Avocado flowers appear in January - March before the first seasonal growth. The pale-green or yellow-green flowers are borne profusely in racemes near the branch tips. They lack petals but have 2 whorls of 3 perianth lobes, more or less pubescent, and 9 stamens with 2 basal orange nectar glands.
The avocado fruit is oblong resembling a pear shape, that is about 10 to 30 cm long and about 12 to 16 cm wide. The skin of the avocado fruit may vary in texture and color. The skin may be yellow-green, deep-green, reddish-purple, purple or almost black, and  sometimes speckled with tiny yellow dots.. The skin may be pliable to woody, smooth to rough, The flesh of the fruit is greenish yellow to bright yellow when ripe with buttery consistency. In some varieties of avocado the flesh may be fibrous. The avocado fruit has one large oblate, round or conical ovoid seed which constitutes 15 to 25% of the fruit weight. Avocado seed is coated with two brown thin papery layer that is lightly attached to its ivory colored core.. Avocado fruits range from 150 grams to more than a kilo in weight.

Avocado Traditional Medicinal Uses and Health benefits

Avocado in Traditional and Folkloric Medicine For Skin Problems

Avocado has long been used in traditional medicine by various cultures, Widely known health benefits include the following:

• Avocado pulp is used to treat wounds with pus,
• Decoction from avocado seeds is used as mouthwash and to relieve toothaches,
• Avocado pulp is used to treat small cuts and wounds,
• Decoction from pulp, bark and leaves are used to promote menstruation,
• Avocado ointment from pulverized seeds used to treat skin irritation,
• Grounded avocado seeds and bark are mixed with oil to relieve pain associated with rheumatism,
• Avocado flesh us used to relieve pain and itchiness caused by sunburn.

Science Based Studies and Research

Avocado Mechanism of action in disease prevention

Health Benefit of Avocado for Osteoarthritis
In a study published in “Arthritis & Rheumatism - American College of Rheumatology, 1998”, suggests that avocado/soybean unsaponifiables treatment showed significant symptomatic efficacy over placebo in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9433873

Health Benefits of Avocado In Cancer Prevention
In a study published in “The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2005”, it has been found that avocado contains bioactive subtances that include carotenoids, which has cancer preventive properties. In this study the avocado variety “California Haas (Persea americana Mill.)” was the subject of interest because it is the most common variety consumed in the United States. A unique characteristic of avocado is that it contains monounsaturated fat and has numerous bioactive carotenoids that acts synergistically with other phytochemicals that contribute to the significant cancer risk reduction associated with a diet of fruits and vegetables. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15629237
Avocado can Improve Cholesterol level in Blood
In a study published in “Archives of Medical Research, 1996”, it has been reported that an avocado enriched diet can improve the lipid profile in a healthy and especially mild hypercholesterolemic patients even if hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia is present. Avocado contains oleic acid and linoleic acid that is effective in lowering the bad LDL cholesterol level in the blood while increasing the good HDL cholesterol level thereby improving the LDL to HDL ratio. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8987188
Avocado has weight reducing, appetite depressant health benefit
In a study published in “Journal of Nutrition, 2002”, it is reported that the defatted avocado pulp is rich in dietary fiber where 75% was insoluble and the other 25% is soluble. The defatted avocado pulp has the ability to reduce the body weight. Although when the study group has been administered with high level of cholesterol, the hepatic fat or fat in the liver has been reduced while the cholesterol level in the blood remained high. This study has suggested that avocado has an appetite depressant and that it can also interfere in the liver’s ability to metabolize fat. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12097685
Avocado has Antioxidant Health Benefit
In the “Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry”,  it has been reported that extracts of avocado peel, pulp and seed contains phenolic compounds such as catechins, procyanidins, hydroxycinnamic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid. These phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant activity in vitro.
Their antimicrobial potential was also studied. Peels and seeds had higher amounts of phenolics and a more intense in vitro antioxidant potential than the pulp. Peels and seeds were rich in catechins, procyanidins, and hydroxycinnamic acids, whereas the pulp was particularly rich in hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and procyanidins. The total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of avocado phenolics was affected by the extracting solvent and avocado variety.

Avocado has Antimicrobial Activity
The extracts from avocado peel, pulp and seed also displayed moderate antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21480593

How to Get and How to Use

Where can I get or buy Avocado?

Avocados are available in most grocery stores, supermarkets and fruit stores. In buying ripe ready to eat avocado, select those that are slightly soft, have no sunken dark spots, and have no cracks. Select avocados that have a slight neck shape as these are better since they are probably tree ripened.

Avocados can also be bought unripe and can be ripened at home for later consumption. Unripe avocados are firmer and the skin has a lighter color. Unripe avocados can be stored in a basket or paper bag at room temperature. Do not refrigerate unripe avocados. As the avocado ripens the skin color will darken and the texture softer.

It is best to store ripe avocado in a refrigerator. Just like any other fruits, when an avocado is sliced open and exposed to air, the avocado flesh will soon oxidize and turn brownish in color. To store sliced avocado, sprinkle lemon juice, wrap with plastic and keep in refrigerator.

Dosage, Warnings and Side Effects

Avocados and Latex Allergy
Avocado contains enzyme called chitinases that are associated with the latex-fruit allergy syndrome. There has been a report that consumption of avocado containing food can cause anaphylaxis in latex sensitized patients. It is therefore recommended to avoid avocado if latex allergy is suspected.

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Avocado Herbal Medicine: Useful References

Ramos MR, Jerz G, Villanueva S, López-Dellamary F, Waibel R, Winterhalter P. Two glucosylated abscisic acid derivates from avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill. Lauraceae cv. Hass) Phytochemistry. 2004;65(7):955–962. [PubMed]
Rodríguez-Carpena J-G, Morcuende D, Andrade M-J, Kylli P, Estevez M. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) phenolics, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and inhibition of lipid and protein oxidation in porcine patties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2011;59(10):5625–5635. [PubMed]
Anaka ON, Ozolua RI, Okpo SO. Effect of the aqueous seed extract of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) on the blood pressure of Sprague-Dawley rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2009;3(10):485–490.
Pahua-Ramos ME, Ortiz-Moreno A, Chamorro-Cevallos G, et al. Hypolipidemic effect of avocado (Persea americana Mill) seed in a hypercholesterolemic mouse model. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 2012;67(1):10–16. [PubMed]

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