Coconut / Buko Herbal Medicine

10+ Surprising Health Benefits from Coconut / Buko (Cocos nucifera) that you should know..

Coconut / Buko (Cocos nucifera). In most Pacific islanders, is called the tree of life for its versatility of use. Almost every part of the Coconut / buko tree has good use as seen in many domestic, commercial and industrial applications. It is also valued in traditional medicine for the many health benefits it provide, from graying hair to cancer. We shall examine in this article how they are used and what are the scientific basis if any.

Scientific Name: Cocos nucifera

Common Names: Cocos nucifera

The Coconut / Buko tree ;(Cocos nucifera), is a member of the family Arecaceae (palm family) The Coconut / Buko tree is of the genus Cocos. The Coconut / Buko tree or Coconut / Buko palm can be found in rainforests and countries with tropical climate such as in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Pacific. In the United States, Coconut / Buko tree can be found in Hawaii, the Southern tip of Florida, and the Virgin Islands.

The Coconut / Buko tree has erect graceful gray colored trunk, swollen at the base and grows slightly curved. The truck is ringed due to old leaf scars and is smooth. The Coconut / Buko tree is topped by a crown composed of about 25 to 30 pinnate feather-like leaves that are about 6 feet wide and 18 feet long. There are about 200 leaflets in every leaf, colored yellow green when young and as it matures turned to brown. The Coconut / Buko leaves are shed as it grows old and young new shoots grows from the top most of the crown.
Coconut / Buko flowers start to bloom when the Coconut / Buko is about 4 to 6 years of age. The Coconut / Buko flowers are yellow and are sweet scented. The flowers grow in clusters from a branched stalked with both male and female flowers growing from the same inflorescence.
The flower buds turned to Coconut / Buko fruits that grow to a large nut like shape about 10 inches in diameter and about 12 inches in length. The fruit is commonly called as Coconut / Buko . The Coconut / Buko has a smooth hard protective outer layer, usually green, but others may be pale yellow, silver-gold or brown depending on variety and age. Coconut / Buko fruit has a husk of about 1 to 2 inches thick with an inner hollow round seed of about 5 to 7 inches in diameter. The Coconut / Buko seed has a hard shell that when cracked open will reveal a layer of white edible meat and about a glassful of sweet watery Coconut / Buko milk. A matured Coconut / Buko tree can produce about 50 to 200 Coconut / Buko s per year depending on variety and growing conditions.

Coconut / Buko Health Benefits as in Traditional Medicine

Traditional Health Benefits of Coconut / Buko

Coconut has long been used in traditional medicine for almost any kind of illness and almost all parts have their uses. Among these health benefits are as follows.

• Antifungal and antimicrobial treatment for skin and mouth problems such as ring worms, candidiasis, psoriasis, sores, skin burns, sunburns, toothache, sore throat and ulcers.
  
• Coconut oil is massage over the skin as anti ageing regimen to keep  skin soft and youthful looking. Used as oil massge to remove heel cracks and darkening of armpits.
  
• Coconut  oil is used to treat scalp and hair problems. From greying hair, dandruff  to baldness.
  
• Coconut oil is an antidote for pesticide poisoning
  
• Coconut water is used to treat colitis, kidney stones, and stomach acidity.
  
• Coconut water is also used as diuretic to improve removal of excess water.
  
• Coconut water is used for the treatment of urinary tract, gall bladder and kidney problems.
  
• Used for the treatment of catarrhal inflammation associated with common colds and coughs.
  
• Consume the flesh of Coconut with Coconut Milk and Honey. It increases libido in both men and women.
  
• Coconut water is used to treat measles.

Science Based Health Benefits from Coconut / Buko Herbal Medicine

Coconut / Buko has many claims of health benefits in traditional medicine. Only recently that laboratory studies and researches has been made to verify its effectivity and science has uphold some its claims as cure for many health problems.

Coconut health benefit 1: Immune System Booster

• Coconut oil is good for the immune system.
• Coconut water is now considered as a potent nutritional source that can boost energy and endurance, enhancing physical and athletic performance.

Coconut health benefit 2: Aids the digestive system

• Coconut has been found to improve digestion and hasten the absorption of nutrients including vitamins, minerals, and amino acids
• Coconut is also effective in expelling parasites such as tapeworms and lice

Coconut health benefit 3: Antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal actions.

• The coconut oil contains antimicrobial lipids, capric acid, caprylic acid and lauric acid that are known to possess antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral properties.
• Coconut helps strengthen the immune system by converting lauric acid into monolaurin which limits the activities of viruses that cause diseases such as influenza, herpes, measles, hepatitis C, SARS, and even AIDS.
• Coconut also fights bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes and heliobacter pylori that are causes of diseases such as throat infections, gum disease, ulcers, urinary tract infections, pneumonia, and gonorrhea.
• Coconut is also used in the treatment of fungi and yeast infections such as ringworm, athlete's foot, thrush, diaper rash and candidiasis.

Coconut health benefit 4: Skin and Hair Care

• Coconut oil is widely used to promote healthy growth of hair.
• Coconut is traditionally used to treat baldness, dandruff and head lice,
• Coconut oil is used as hair conditioner to nourish damaged hair.
• Coconut oil is also used as topical applicant for wounds and burns to lubricate skin and to protect from infections.
• Reduces symptoms associated to psoriasis, eczema, and dermatitis. It also helps to soften the skin and relieve dryness and flaking.
• Prevents wrinkles, sagging skin, and age spots.
• Coconut is also used as a protection against the damaging effects of ultraviolet radiation from the sun.

Coconut health benefit 5: Prevents Heart disease

There is a misconception about coconut oil that has been propagated long since being high in saturated fats that can cause heart diseases. In the contrary, recent researches have shown that the saturated fats found in coconut oil is a type of unique fat molecule known as medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) that actually prevents heart diseases. The medium-chain fatty acids found in coconut oil increases the HDL level (good cholesterol) while lowering the LDL (bad cholesterol) in the blood thus improving the ratio of HDL to LDL which is the basis for heart disease risks. The p-Coumaric acid in coconut oil prevents the formation of arterial plaque by preventing the stickiness of the blood platelet, lowering the blood pressure and reducing the risk of damaging the arteries and preventing the development of atherosclerosis.

Coconut health benefit 6: Aids weight loss

The medium-chain fatty acids found in coconut oil are readily burned into energy preventing the formation of fats. This process also relieves the pancreases of stress, making it more efficient, increasing the body metabolism, thereby burning more energy that results to weight reduction. This likewise reduces the symptoms of pancreatitis. Furthermore, coconut oil is easy to digest helping the thyroid and the enzyme system to function properly as well. In a study done on women who were given coconut oil supplementation for 12 weeks as compared to those given with soybean oil have indicated that women who took 30 milliliters of coconut oil daily have lower body mass index and reduced waist line.

Coconut health benefit 7: Antioxidant and anti-cancer

• Coconut oil extracted by cold press process or commonly called virgin coconut oil naturally contains Tocopherol (Vitamin E), Ferulic and p-Coumaric acids that are known as potent antioxidants.
• The antioxidants in coconut helps protect the body from free radicals that are the primary cause of premature aging, degenerative disease and even cancer.
• Coconut oil is traditionally used to protect the body against colon, breast and other cancers.
• The antioxidative property of coconut oil also protects other essential fatty acids in the body from oxidation.

Other health benefits

• Coconut oil helps relieve symptoms and reduce health risks associated with diabetes by improving insulin secretion and utilization of blood glucose
• Helps relieve symptoms associated with chronic fatigue syndrome.
• Relieves symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (prostate enlargement).
• Reduces epileptic seizures.
• Coconut water is good for urinary, kidney and bladder problems.
• Helps prevent liver disease.
• Coconut improves the absorption of calcium and magnesium that supports bone development that is beneficial for osteoporosis prevention.
• Relieves pain and irritation caused by hemorrhoids.

Coconut / Buko Herbal Medicine Preparations, Usage and Side Effects

Coconut / Buko Herbal Preparation and Usage

• Coconut / Buko meat can be used in cooking along with other vegetables and meat or can be eaten raw.
• Coconut water is best consumed fresh after the coconut is opened it is taken as supplement to water intake. It can also be used to wash skin problems and as mouth wash.
• One teaspoon of coconut oil can be mixed with a glass of milk, coffee or other drinks.
• Coconut oil may be applied and massaged directly to the affected area.
• Virgin coconut oil can be taken one teaspoon at a time, twice a day.

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Where can I get Coconut / Buko ?

Fresh coconut is available in most Asian and Indian grocery stores and markets.
Fresh coconut should be consumed immediately upon opening to benefit from its natural properties. Fresh coconut water can be refrigerated up to 12 hours in a tightly sealed container to maintain its freshness.
You can make your own virgin coconut oil as follows:

1. Crack to open a mature (brown) coconut
2. Scrape the white meat off the shell
3. Cut and shred into fine pieces using a blender / food processor
4. Filter and extract the juice into a clean jar using a clean cloth.
5. Let it stay in a cold place for 24 hours to separate the oil from the curd
6. Remove and dispose of the the curd and harvest the oil.

Virgin coconut / buko oil are now available in many health sotres even in some grocery and super markets. If you can't find one in your area, online stores such as Amazon carry a few listings such as Carrington Farms Organic Extra Virgin Coconut Oil. Just llok out for a reputable manufacturer and follow the instructions found in the label for safe use.

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Coconut / Buko Herb Warnings and Side Effects

• Fresh Coconut Water is one of the best natural drinks there is.
• There is no known or reported side effect fro its use and consumption.
• Coconut water is safe even for children and pregnant women.
• Moderate use of virgin coconut oil or coconut oil extracted by cold press has no known side effects.

Celery (Apium graveolens) Herbal Medicine

10+ Amazing Health Benefits from Celery that you need to know about.

Celery (Apium graveolens) is a biennial plant specie in the family of Apiaceae whose other members include carrots, dill and parsley. Celery is a common vegetable known for its leafy stalk that has a distinctive flavor and crunchy texture popularly added to salads and dishes. Unknown to many, this leafy vegetable contains potent amount of antioxidants and antiinflamatory substances coupled with unique combination of vitamins and minerals can provide valuable health benefits to man especially for hypertension.

Scientific Name: Apium graveolens

Common Names:

Celery, kintsay, Apio, Ch'in-nst'ai, Quichay, Fan qin cai.

Celery plant grows to a height of up to 500 cm. Celery has leaf stalks that are conical in shape growing from a common base and are topped with leaves that are pinnate to bipinnate with rhombic leaflets about 3 to 6 cm long and 2 to 5 cm broad.
Celery produces flowers that are creamy-white in color about 2–3 mm in diameter arranged in dense compound umbels. Celery seeds are broad ovoid about 1 to 2 mm long and wide
While celery is prized for its leaf stalk, the leaves, roots and seeds can also be used as a food and seasoning as well as an herbal medicinal remedy.

Celery / Apium graviolens Health Benefits as in Traditional Medicine

Traditional Health Benefits of Celery

1. As diuretic that helps to relieve excess water and salts through urination.
   
2. Celery is used to help treat kidney and gall bladder stones.
   
3. Used for stomach problems such as flatulence, indigestion and as purgative.
   
4. Used as emmenagogue that encourages menstrual blood flow,
   
5. Used as an antidote for poisoninig.
   
6. Used as treatment for edema or widespread swelling of the skin due to fluid retention.
   
7. Used for the treatment of colic babies.
   
8. Used in controlling hypertension.
   
9. Decoction of seeds used for bronchitis and asthma.
   
10. Decoction of seeds also used in India for liver and spleen diseases.
    
11. Used as invigorating and stimulating preparation that is intended for a medicinal purpose
12. Celery seed infusions used for rheumatoid arthritis and gout.
    
13. Celery roots used as aphrodisiac.

Science Based Health Benefits from Celery Herbal Medicine

Celery is one of the more popular herbal medicine that had the attention of many researchers. Many of the published studies confirmed the potential of Celery in controlling blood pressure. Below are some of the excerpts from these studies along with other related studies confirming the other traditional uses of Apium graveolens.

Celery helps to boost the immune system

Celery has an immune boosting health benefit because it is rich in vitamins and minerals that helps support the immune system against harmful pathogens. Celery leaves contain powerful flavonoids and antioxidants like Lutein, Zea-xanthin and Beta-carotene that fight Polyacetylenes and Phthalides. Celery also contains Niacin and Riboflavin that is known for boosting the metabolism.

Celery is rich in vitamin A and vitamin K that is needed for healthy skin, eye sight and mucus membranes. It guards the body against Lung Cancer and Oral Cancer.It has health benefits in bone formation and prevents neuronal damage to the brain.

Celery can lower cholesterol level.

In a study published iin “Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology Journal, Mar. 1996” genetically hypercholesterolaemic and normocholesterolaemic rats that were given celery extracts exhibited lower concentration of cholesterol in blood compared to control rats that were not given celery extract.

Celery can lower high blood pressure

Celery contains active compounds called phthalides. Phthalides has been found to help relax the muscles around the arteries and dilating the blood vessels thereby facilitating blood flow. The compound 3-n-butyl phthalide has been found to lower the blood pressure in laboratory rats to about 12 to 14%. Celery is also a good source of blood pressure lowering minerals such as potassium, calcium and magnesium

Celery has Diuretic Activity

Celery stalks and seeds has always been used traditionally as diuretic. Celery contains minerals such as potassium, sodium and other constituents that help regulate the fluid balance in the body and stimulating urine production to excrete excess body fluids.

Celery has Anti Cancer property

Celery is contains anti cancer compound called phenolic acid that acts against prostaglandins that encourage the growth of tumor cells. Celery also contains coumarins – a compound that acts against free radicals thereby protecting the cells from oxidative stress and damage. 

Celery helps in Relieving Constipation:

Celery has a natural laxative effect that is beneficial against constipation.

Celery can Improve Kidney function

The diuretic activity of celery helps promote healthy and normal kidney function. Celery helps in the elimination of toxins from the body and prevents the formation of kidney stones.

Anti inflammatory activity of celery

Celery is rich in vitamins C that helps the body fight against cell damaging free radicals that cascades into inflammation. This activity offers health benefits for people with asthma, rheumatism and osteoarthritis.

Celery can improve cardio vascular health

Celery is a very good source of vitamin C, a vitamin that helps to support the immune system. Vitamin C also acts against free radicals that oxidize cholesterol and lead to plaques deposits causing stoke and heart attacks.

Celery Herbal Medicine Preparations, Usage and Side Effects

Celery Herbal Preparation and Usage

Celery can be cooked along with other vegetables or the stalks and leaves can be eaten raw as in salads.
Celery juice. Fresh celery stalks and leaves can be mixed with other vegetable and fruits in a food prcessor or blending machine. Taken once a day to boost immunity and overall health.
Celery Tea: Mix one teaspoon of dried celery seeds and leaves to a cup of water, boil for 10 minutes. Can be taken three times a day. until conditon improves. Celery tea is taken as relaxant, gout and rheumatism treatment, diuretic and others.
Celery roots can be mixed with soups or as in salads to boost fertility and sex drive.
Celery seed can be taken naturally as fresh or as dried seeds but they tend to be bitter and difficult to swallow. Specially prepared celery tablets and capsules are now available while it may also be available in seed extract form from Amazon.

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Where can I get Fresh Celery?

Although it is available throughout the year in most markets and vegetable stores, Celery can be at its best during its peak season at summer months when the local varieties can easily be found. Commercially grown celery is highly sprayed with pesticide, go for those organically grown. Pick the stalks that are firm with leaves that are brightly colored and not wilting. Fresh celery can be refrigerated (not frozen) up to 7 days if properly wrapped in paper or plastic to retain moisture.

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Celery Herb Warnings and Side Effects

• Celery when consumed in food quanity is considered safe
• In large dozes, pure celery juice can be a purgative and may cause pregnancy abortion.
  
• Do not take in large quanitity if you have a kidney disorder.
  
• May cause allergic reactions such as swelling, hives, shortnesss of breath and potentially fatal shock.
  
• Consumption of large quantity of celery seed oil may cause central nervous system problems.
  
• Consumption of large dosage may cause diarrhea and upset stomach.
  
• May affect diuretic medications or any blood thinning medicines. Consult your doctor.

Bayabas (Psidium guajava) Herbal Medicine

Bayabas uses, health benefits, side effects, warnings.of use.

Bayabas or guava fruit is known for being rich in vitamin C and vitamin A. It has value in herbal medicine for its antiseptic activity in treating wounds, ulcers, bacterial infections and diarrhea. Bayabas contains various compaounds that provides bariious health benefits for man and this article will examine these claims as referenced to scientific studies..

Scientific Name: Psidium guajava

Also knows as: Bayawas (Bik.), Biabas (Sul.), Gaiyabat (If.), Gaiyabit (If.) Geyabas (Bon.), Guayabas (Tag.), Guava (Engl.), Guyabas(Ilk., Tag.), Kalimbahin (Tag.), Psidium cujavus Linn. Bagabas (Ig.), Psidium aromaticum Blanco Bayabas (Ilk., Tag.), Psidium pyriferum Linn. Bayabo (Ibn.), Psidium pomiferum Linn. Bayauas (Bik., Pang.),Tayabas (Tag.)

Bayabas or guava is a fruit bearing shrub or small tree that grows in the tropical climate like Mexico, Peru and the Philippines. Bayabas is widely used in the Philippines as herbal medicine and is recognized by the Philippine Department of Health for its antiseptic property.
.Bayabas leaves and fruits contain eugenol, tannin, saponins, amydalin, phenolic acids, malic acid, ash, aldehydes, catequinic components and flavonoids. Bayabas or guava is used in herbal medicine as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic, antioxidant hepatoprotective, anti-allergy, antimicrobial, anti-plasmodial, anti-cough, antidiabetic, and antigenotoxic.
Bayabas or guava tree grows 3 to10 meters tall with greenish to red-brownish smooth bark. Bayabas produce a round globular bayabas fruit that starts as a flower. The bayabas fruit is green and turns yellowish-green and soft when ripe. Bayabas fruit has many small hard seeds contained in a yellowish pulp. Bayabas fruit is usually eaten while still green and hard.

Bayabas Medicinal Uses

Bayabas in Traditional and Folkloric Medicine For Skin Problems

Bayabas is traditionally used as antiseptic and antiinflammatory for skin conditions such as

• skin burns,
• scalds,
• scrapes,
• sunburn
• wounds
• psoriasis
• eczema and others

Crushed bayabas leaf or boiled leaves is applied directly to the affected skin, providing relief and believed to improve healing.

Bayabas is traditionally used to treat stomach problems

• diarrhea
• dusentery
• flatulence

A decoction of bayabas leaves is taken 3-5 glasses per day.

Other health benefits of bayabas or guava in herbal medicine include

• anti-spasmodic,
• antioxidant
• hepatoprotective,
• anti-allergy,
• antimicrobial,
• anti-plasmodial,
• anti-cough,
• antidiabetic, and
• antigenotoxic.

Science Based Health Benefits from Bayabas

Bayabas Mechanism of action in disease prevention

Renal protective effects of extracts from guava fruit (Psidium guajava L.) in diabetic mice.

This study analyzed the content of phenolic acids and flavonoids in extracts of guava fruit and examined the renal protective effects of guava extract in diabetic mice. The findings support that guava fruit could protect kidney against diabetic progression via its anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory and anti-glycative effects. Source: Plant Foods for Human Nutrition (2012, Sept)

Anti-hyperglycaemic (Diabetic) potential of Psidium guajava raw fruit peel.

This study was undertaken to evaluate the glycaemic potential of Psidium guajava unripe fruit peel extract on blood glucose level of normal and streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Results had shown guava extract lowered the fasting blood glucose to a considerable degree suggesting the hypoglycaemic as well as antidiabetic effect of guava extract in diabetic rats. Source: Indian Journal of Medical Research (2009 May).

Antioxidative activities of Psidium guajava Linn leaves extracts

A study conducted to determine the antioxidative activities of the extracts from Psidium guajava Linn leaves showed that it has effects on scavenging hydroxyl radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation in the dose-dependent manner, The guava extracts possess the potential antioxidative activities and the flavonoids may be one of their antioxidative components. Source: Wei sheng yan jiu = Journal of hygiene research (2007 May).

Antimicrobial effects of psidium guajava extract as one mechanism of its antidiarrhoeal action.

The objective for this study was to verify if the reported modes of the antidiarrhoeal action should be broadened to include direct antimicrobial actions on some of the more common bacteria known to cause toxin-induced acute diarrhoea. 10 organisms grown separately on nutrient agar plateswere subjected to guava water extract and results have shown that the growth of all these organisms was inhibited suggesting the antidiarrhoeal activity. Source: The Malaysian Journal of Medical Sciences (1999 Jul).

Bayabas Preparations, Usage and Side Effects

Bayabas Preparation and Usage

How to use Bayabas as an antiseptic and astringent

1. Gather fresh bayabas leaves and wash with water.
2. Boil one cup of bayabas leaves in three cups of water for 8 to 10 minutes.
3. Strain and let cool.
4. To use as mouthwash, gargle
5. To use as wound disinfectant, wash affected areas 2 to 3 times a day.
6. Use as vaginal wash especially after child birth.

Fresh bayabas leaves can also be chewed for the treatment of toothache and gum swelling.
To hasten wound healing, fresh bayabas leaf poultice may be applied to the wound.
If symptoms persist or aggravates, stop use and consult your doctor.

For diarrhea and control of stomach parasites

• Gather fresh Bayabas leaves,
• Boil chopped pieces of about 4 to 6 tablespoon for every 18 ounces of water.
• Strain and let cool.
• Drink ¼ cup of decoction every 3-4 hours until symptoms improve.

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Bayabas Warnings and Side Effects

• Eating too much of Bayabas fruit can cause constipation.
• If there is no improvement to diarrhea symptoms in two days, consult your doctor.

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Bayabas Herbal Medicine: Useful References

NCCAM Clearinghouse. The NCCAM Clearinghouse provides information on CAM and NCCAM, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners.
Toll-free in the U.S.: 1-888-644-6226 TTY (for deaf and hard-of-hearing callers): 1-866-464-3615 Web site: nccam.nih.gov E-mail: info@nccam.nih.gov
PubMed®
A service of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), PubMed® contains publication information and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. CAM on PubMed®, developed jointly by NCCAM and NLM, is a subset of the PubMed® system and focuses on the topic of CAM.
Web site: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
CAM on PubMed® : nccam.nih.gov/research/camonpubmed

Bawang (Allium sativum L.) Herbal Medicine

Bawang uses, health benefits, side effects, warnings.

Garlic or Bawang (Allium sativum L.) has been used as a spice, food, and medicine for over 5,000 years, and is one of the earliest documented herbs utilized for the maintenance of health and treatment of disease. Under its name, numerous list of traditional health benefits are claimed. This article discusses these traditional health benefits and provides evidence based studies as support and suggests its proper use and warnings.

Scientific name: Allium sativum L.

Common name: garlic (English); ajo (Spanish); ail (French); arishtha, lashuna (Sanskrit); lasan (Hindu and Gujarat); vellaipundu (Tamil).

Bawang or garlic, is a specie in the onion family Alliaceae. Bawang is a close relative of onion (sibuyas), the shallot, the leek and the chive. Bawang has been used throughout recorded history for both culinary and medicinal purposes.
Bawang is a low herb, growing to up to 2 feet high. Bawang is widely popular for its bulbs. Bawang bulbs are broadly ovoid, 2 to 4 cm in diameter, consisting of several cloves. Bawang leaves are linear and flat. Umbels are globose, many flowered. Sepas are oblong, greenish white, slightly tinged with purple.
Bawang has a characteristic pungent, spicy flavor that mellows and sweetens considerably with cooking. Bawang cloves are used as seed, for consumption (raw or cooked), and for medicinal purposes. The leaves, stems (scape) and flowers (bulbils) on the head (spathe) are also edible and most often consumed while immature and still tender.

Bawang (Allium sativum L.) Medicinal Uses

Bawang in Traditional and Folkloric Medicine

Bawang has long been used in traditional medicne by various cultures, Widely known health benefits include the folliwng:

• In ancient Rome bawang was fed to the athletes for increasing stamina
  
• In ancient Chinese and Indian medicine,  bawang is used to aid respiration and digestion and to treat leprosy and parasitic infestation
  
• Bawang is also used to treat  arthritis, toothache, chronic cough, constipation, parasitic infestation, snake and insect bites,
  
• Bawang is also used for gynecologic diseases, as well as in infectious diseases (as antibiotic).
  
• Bawang consumption is known to lower blood pressure
  
• Consumption of bawang prevents heart diseases
  
• Bawang is believed to help treat cancer.

Science Based Health Benefits from Bawang

Bawang Mechanism of action in disease prevention

Bawang contains antibacterial compound known as Allicin, Because of this bawang or garlic is known as nature's antibiotic. Bawang juice inhibits the growth of fungi and viruses thus prevents viral yeast and viral infections. Preliminary test shows Bawang to have some positive results in the treatment of AIDS.
The Philippine Department of Health has endorsed Bawang as an alternative herbal medicine for its anti bacterial properties and its efficacy for controlling hypertension, blood cholesterol and blood sugar for diabetics among others.
The following are a number of studies that suggests the medicinal value of bawang in treating various diseases:

Garlic for the common cold

A study published in  Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews tried to determine whether garlic (Allium sativum) is effective for the prevention or treatment of the common cold, when compared to placebo, no treatment or other treatments. Results showed that a single trial suggested that garlic may prevent occurrences of the common cold but more studies are needed to validate this finding. Claims of effectiveness appear to rely largely on poor‐quality evidence.

Antimicrobial properties of allicin from garlic.

Allicin, one of the active principles of freshly crushed garlic homogenates, has a variety of antimicrobial activities. Allicin in its pure form was found to exhibit

1. antibacterial activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including multidrug-resistant enterotoxicogenic strains of Escherichia coli;
2. antifungal activity, particularly against Candida albicans;
3. antiparasitic activity, including some major human intestinal protozoan parasites such as Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia; and
4. antiviral activity.

The main antimicrobial effect of allicin is due to its chemical reaction with thiol groups of various enzymes, e.g. alcohol dehydrogenase, thioredoxin reductase, and RNA polymerase, which can affect essential metabolism of cysteine proteinase activity involved in the virulence of E. histolytica. Source : Microbes and Infection (1999, Feb)

Potential of garlic (Allium sativum) in lowering high blood pressure:

Garlic supplements have shown promise in the treatment of uncontrolled hypertension, lowering blood pressure (BP) by about 10 mmHg systolic and 8 mmHg diastolic, similar to standard BP medication.  Hypertension could be alleviated with supplementation of organosulfur compounds derived from garlic Source: Journal of Integrated Blood Pressure Control Hypertension (2014, Jul)

Bawang Preparations, Usage and Side Effects

Bawang Preparation, Availability and Usage

Bawang - Antiinfectious: Antibacterial, antifungal, antiparasitic. Bawang juice is applied to the afflicted area. Scientifically ajoene 0.4% cream when applied topically, has been found 70% effective in certain dermatologic fungal infections. A 0.6% gel was effective in tinea corporis and tinea cruris.
Bawang - Antiinflammatory and antioxidant activity when included in diet.
Bawang - Hypertension: Bawang when eaten or chewed raw. Studies suggest ingestion of Bawang has beneficial antihypertensive effect but blood-lowering effects probably not dramatic. Other studies show a vascular benefit through improvement of aortic elasticity and possible slowing of the rate of atherosclerosis progression
Bawang - Hyperlipidemia: Bawang eaten or chewed raw is found to lower blood cholesterol. Though still controversial, but probably has beneficial effect on serum cholesterol and LDL levels. Some studies have shown a 4% to 12% lowering of total cholesterol. Bawang seems to have no effect on high density lipoprotein (HDL).
Bawang - Anti-cancer: Bawang is studied to have possible anticarcinogenic properties, specifically for colon, stomach and prostate cancers. In stomach cancers, probably through its inhibitory effect on H. pylori. In epidemiologic studies on stomach and colorectal cancer prevention, the garlic use was 3.5 grams to 30 grams of fresh or cooked garlic per week.

Other folkloric uses of Bawang as herbal medicine that needs further studies for verification:

Arthritis, rheumatism, toothaches: Crush several Bawang cloves and rub on affected areas.
Headaches: Crush one Bawang clove and apply to both temples as poultice.
Insect bites: Crush Bawang or cut clove crosswise and rub directly to affected area.
Athlete's foot.Crush Bawang or cut clove crosswise and rub directly to affected area.
Fever, Decoction of boiled Bawang leaves and bulbs set to luke warm and applied to the head and body.
Colds, cough, sore throat, hoarseness, asthma and bronchitis; Nasal congestion steam inhalation of chopped Bawang and a teaspoon of vinegar in boiling water.
Fresh Bawang has been used as a complement herbal medicine to INH therapy for tuberculosis.
Digestive problems and gastrointestinal spasms. drink an infusion of a peeled bawang clove or can also be used as suppository.

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Bawang Warnings and Side Effects

• Known adverse effects of bawang include halitosis (non-bacterial bad breath), indigestion, nausea, emesis and diarrhea.
• Bawang may interact with warfain, antiplatelets, saquinavir, antihypertensives, calcium channel blockers, hypoglycemic drugs, as well as other medications. Consult a health professional before taking bawang supplement or consuming excessive amounts of bawang.
• Bawang can thin the blood similar to the effect of aspirin.
• While culinary quantities of bawang are considered safe for consumption, very high quantities of bawang and garlic supplements have been linked with an increased risk of bleeding, particularly during pregnancy and after surgery and child birth. Some breastfeeding mothers have found their babies slow to feed and have noted a garlic odour coming from their baby when they have consumed garlic or bawang. The safety of bawang supplements had not been determined for children.
• The side effects of long-term bawang supplementation, if any exist, are largely unknown and no FDA-approved study has been performed. However, garlic or bawang has been consumed for several thousand years without any adverse long-term effects, suggesting that modest quantities of bawang pose, at worst, minimal risks to normal individuals. Possible side effects include gastrointestinal discomfort, sweating, dizziness, allergic reactions, bleeding, and menstrual irregularities.
• Some degree of liver toxicity has been demonstrated in rats, particularly in extremely large quantities exceeding those that a rat would consume under normal situations.
• There have been several reports of serious burns resulting from bawang or garlic being applied topically for various purposes, including naturopathic uses and acne treatment, so care must be taken to test a small area of skin using a very low concentration of bawang.On the basis of numerous reports of such burns, including burns to children, topical use of bawang, as well as insertion of bawang into body cavities is discouraged. In particular, topical application of bawang to young children is not advisable.
• Garlic or bawang and onions might be toxic to cats or dogs. If you wish to feed them to your pet, first use only one flake or a pinch.

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Bawang Herbal Medicine: Useful References

Auer W, Eiber A, Hertkorn E, Hoehfeld E, Koehrle U, Lorenz A, Mader F, Merx W, Otto G, Schmid-Otto B, et al. Hypertension and hyperlipidaemia: garlic helps in mild cases. Br J Clin Pract Suppl. 1990;69:3–6. [PubMed]
Avicenna A. In: Al Qanoon Fil Tib. Sharafkandi, S, translator. IV. Tehran, Iran: Soroosh Press; 1988. pp. 122–178.
Aviello G, Abenavoli L, Borrelli F, Capasso R, Izzo AA, Lembo F, Romano B, Capasso F. Garlic: empiricism or science? . Nat Prod Commun. 2009;4:1785–1796. [PubMed]
Bakhshi M, Taheri JB, Shabestari SB, Tanik A, Pahlevan R. Comparison of therapeutic effect of aqueous extract of garlic and nystatin mouthwash in denture stomatitis. Gerodontology. 2012;29:e680–684. [PubMed]

Avocado Herbal Medicine

Avocado Health Benefits, Dosage, Side effects and Warnings.

Scientific Name: Persea americana

Common Name: Avocado, Alligator Pear (English); Aguacate, Palta (Spanish)

The fruit of Persea americana, commonly known as avocado, is an edible fruit from Central America which is easily adaptable in tropical regions. The avocado has an olive-green peel and thick pale yellow pulp that is rich in fatty acids such as linoleic, oleic, palmitic, stearic, linolenic, capric, and myristic acids. Avocado is normally used for human consumption, but it also known to provide many health benefits thus it is used in herbal medicine in Mexico and elsewhere in the world
The Avocado tree (Persea Americana) is an evergreen tree that is native to Central and South America. Avocado is classified as a flowering plant of Lauraceae family. Avocado can grow to heights of 40 to 80 feet and is well branched forming a broad tree.
Avocado is highly valued for its fruit and oil. Avocado is widely cultivated in southern American regions and was introduced in other countries with tropical climates.
The popular variety in the Untied States are grown in California and Florida. Other popular varieties are from Mexico, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Brazil and from west India. Avocado is commercially cultivated in Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, Malyasia, Sri Lanka, Japan, China, Spain, Palestine, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand,, and Hawaii.
Avocado leaves are alternate, glossy, elliptic or oval in shape, 3 to 10 inches long and dark green with paler veins. The Guatemalan and Mexican varieties are anise scented and are used for its medicinal properties, while other varieties are scentless. Avocado leaves contains high level of oil, shed its leaves every 2 to 3 years.
Avocado flowers are small, greenish, and perfect (has both male and female parts). Avocado flowers appear in January - March before the first seasonal growth. The pale-green or yellow-green flowers are borne profusely in racemes near the branch tips. They lack petals but have 2 whorls of 3 perianth lobes, more or less pubescent, and 9 stamens with 2 basal orange nectar glands.
The avocado fruit is oblong resembling a pear shape, that is about 10 to 30 cm long and about 12 to 16 cm wide. The skin of the avocado fruit may vary in texture and color. The skin may be yellow-green, deep-green, reddish-purple, purple or almost black, and  sometimes speckled with tiny yellow dots.. The skin may be pliable to woody, smooth to rough, The flesh of the fruit is greenish yellow to bright yellow when ripe with buttery consistency. In some varieties of avocado the flesh may be fibrous. The avocado fruit has one large oblate, round or conical ovoid seed which constitutes 15 to 25% of the fruit weight. Avocado seed is coated with two brown thin papery layer that is lightly attached to its ivory colored core.. Avocado fruits range from 150 grams to more than a kilo in weight.

Avocado Traditional Medicinal Uses and Health benefits

Avocado in Traditional and Folkloric Medicine For Skin Problems

Avocado has long been used in traditional medicine by various cultures, Widely known health benefits include the following:

• Avocado pulp is used to treat wounds with pus,
• Decoction from avocado seeds is used as mouthwash and to relieve toothaches,
• Avocado pulp is used to treat small cuts and wounds,
• Decoction from pulp, bark and leaves are used to promote menstruation,
• Avocado ointment from pulverized seeds used to treat skin irritation,
• Grounded avocado seeds and bark are mixed with oil to relieve pain associated with rheumatism,
• Avocado flesh us used to relieve pain and itchiness caused by sunburn.

Science Based Studies and Research

Avocado Mechanism of action in disease prevention

Health Benefit of Avocado for Osteoarthritis
In a study published in “Arthritis & Rheumatism - American College of Rheumatology, 1998”, suggests that avocado/soybean unsaponifiables treatment showed significant symptomatic efficacy over placebo in the treatment of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee and hip. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9433873

Health Benefits of Avocado In Cancer Prevention
In a study published in “The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, 2005”, it has been found that avocado contains bioactive subtances that include carotenoids, which has cancer preventive properties. In this study the avocado variety “California Haas (Persea americana Mill.)” was the subject of interest because it is the most common variety consumed in the United States. A unique characteristic of avocado is that it contains monounsaturated fat and has numerous bioactive carotenoids that acts synergistically with other phytochemicals that contribute to the significant cancer risk reduction associated with a diet of fruits and vegetables. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15629237
Avocado can Improve Cholesterol level in Blood
In a study published in “Archives of Medical Research, 1996”, it has been reported that an avocado enriched diet can improve the lipid profile in a healthy and especially mild hypercholesterolemic patients even if hypertriglyceridemia and hyperlipidemia is present. Avocado contains oleic acid and linoleic acid that is effective in lowering the bad LDL cholesterol level in the blood while increasing the good HDL cholesterol level thereby improving the LDL to HDL ratio. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8987188
Avocado has weight reducing, appetite depressant health benefit
In a study published in “Journal of Nutrition, 2002”, it is reported that the defatted avocado pulp is rich in dietary fiber where 75% was insoluble and the other 25% is soluble. The defatted avocado pulp has the ability to reduce the body weight. Although when the study group has been administered with high level of cholesterol, the hepatic fat or fat in the liver has been reduced while the cholesterol level in the blood remained high. This study has suggested that avocado has an appetite depressant and that it can also interfere in the liver’s ability to metabolize fat. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12097685
Avocado has Antioxidant Health Benefit
In the “Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry”,  it has been reported that extracts of avocado peel, pulp and seed contains phenolic compounds such as catechins, procyanidins, hydroxycinnamic acid and hydroxybenzoic acid. These phenolic compounds exhibit antioxidant activity in vitro.
Their antimicrobial potential was also studied. Peels and seeds had higher amounts of phenolics and a more intense in vitro antioxidant potential than the pulp. Peels and seeds were rich in catechins, procyanidins, and hydroxycinnamic acids, whereas the pulp was particularly rich in hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and procyanidins. The total phenolic content and antioxidant potential of avocado phenolics was affected by the extracting solvent and avocado variety.

Avocado has Antimicrobial Activity
The extracts from avocado peel, pulp and seed also displayed moderate antimicrobial effects against Gram-positive bacteria.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21480593

How to Get and How to Use

Where can I get or buy Avocado?

Avocados are available in most grocery stores, supermarkets and fruit stores. In buying ripe ready to eat avocado, select those that are slightly soft, have no sunken dark spots, and have no cracks. Select avocados that have a slight neck shape as these are better since they are probably tree ripened.

Avocados can also be bought unripe and can be ripened at home for later consumption. Unripe avocados are firmer and the skin has a lighter color. Unripe avocados can be stored in a basket or paper bag at room temperature. Do not refrigerate unripe avocados. As the avocado ripens the skin color will darken and the texture softer.

It is best to store ripe avocado in a refrigerator. Just like any other fruits, when an avocado is sliced open and exposed to air, the avocado flesh will soon oxidize and turn brownish in color. To store sliced avocado, sprinkle lemon juice, wrap with plastic and keep in refrigerator.

Dosage, Warnings and Side Effects

Avocados and Latex Allergy
Avocado contains enzyme called chitinases that are associated with the latex-fruit allergy syndrome. There has been a report that consumption of avocado containing food can cause anaphylaxis in latex sensitized patients. It is therefore recommended to avoid avocado if latex allergy is suspected.

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Avocado Herbal Medicine: Useful References

Ramos MR, Jerz G, Villanueva S, López-Dellamary F, Waibel R, Winterhalter P. Two glucosylated abscisic acid derivates from avocado seeds (Persea americana Mill. Lauraceae cv. Hass) Phytochemistry. 2004;65(7):955–962. [PubMed]
Rodríguez-Carpena J-G, Morcuende D, Andrade M-J, Kylli P, Estevez M. Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) phenolics, in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and inhibition of lipid and protein oxidation in porcine patties. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2011;59(10):5625–5635. [PubMed]
Anaka ON, Ozolua RI, Okpo SO. Effect of the aqueous seed extract of Persea americana Mill (Lauraceae) on the blood pressure of Sprague-Dawley rats. African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2009;3(10):485–490.
Pahua-Ramos ME, Ortiz-Moreno A, Chamorro-Cevallos G, et al. Hypolipidemic effect of avocado (Persea americana Mill) seed in a hypercholesterolemic mouse model. Plant Foods for Human Nutrition. 2012;67(1):10–16. [PubMed]

Featured Articles

Akapulko (Cassia alata) Herbal Medicine

Akapulko Health Benefits, Dosage, Side effects and Warnings.

Scientific Name: Cassia alata

Other names:

bayabas-bayabasan,kapurko, katanda, katandang aso, pakagonkon, sonting (Tag.); andadasi, andadasi-a-dakdakel, andadasi-bugbugtong (Ilk.); adadisi (Ting.); ancharasi (Ig.); andalan (Sul.); bayabasin, bikas-bikas (Bik., Tag., Bis.,); kasitas (Bik., Bis.); sunting, palo china (Bis.); pakayomkom kastila (Pamp.); ringworm bush or shrub (Engl.), Acapulco (Engl)

The Akapulko leaves contain chrysophanic acid, a fungicide that is used to treat fungal infections, like ringworms, scabies and eczema.. Akapulko leaves are also known to be sudorific, diuretic and purgative, usedto treat intestinal problems including intestinal parasites. Akapulko is also used as herbal medicine to treat bronchitis and asthma. Because of Akapulko’s anti-fungal properties, it is a common ingredient in soaps, shampoos, and lotions in the Philippines. The Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) has helped develop the technology for a Akapulko herbal medicine lotion.
Akapulko is an erect, shrubby legume with dark green compound leaves. Akapulko leaves have orange rachis that has 16-28 leaflets. Akapulko produces an axis of golden yellow flowers that has 4-winged pods containing 50-60 flattened, triangular seeds. Akapulko flowers are enclosed by yellow-orange bracts that are later shed in time.

Ampalaya / Bitter Melon Herbal Medicine

Momordica Charantia, Uses, Health Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects

Scientific Name: Momordica charantia

Other names:

Ampalaya, Bitter melon, papailla, melao de sao caetano, bittergourd, sorosi, a'jayib al maasi, assorossie, balsam apple, balsam pear, chin li chih, ejinrin gule khandan, fu-kua, karela, k'u kua kurela, kor-kuey, ku gua, lai p'u t'ao, pava-aki, salsamino, sorci, sorossi, sorossie, sorossies, pare, peria laut, peria

Ampalaya Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) also known as Bitter Melon is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in the Amazon, Carribean, South east Asia such as Philippines for its edible fruit. Ampalaya or bitter melon also known as bitter gourd as the name implies has a bitter taste due to the presence of momordicin, and is believed to be among the most bitter of all vegetables.
Ampalaya Bitter Melon is a climbing vine that grows up to 5m, with tendrils up to 20cm. long. Amplaya leaves are heart-shaped, 5-10 cm across, cut into 5-7 lobes. Each Ampalaya Bitter Melon plant bears separate yellow male and female flowers. Ampalaya bears fleshy green fruit, oblong shaped with pointed ends, ribbed and wrinkled, bursting when mature to release seeds. Ampalaya seeds are flat with ruminated margins.

Ampalaya Traditional Medicinal Uses and Health benefits

Ampalaya has a long history of medical usage and has a long list of folkloric health benefits for the following conditions.
Diabetes. Ampalaya or bitter gourd is a widely used herbal remedy to lower the blood sugar levels for diabetic patients.

Analgesic. The juice of Amplaya is used to alleviate symptoms of fever, headache and body pains.

Eye problems. Amplaya juice is also used to treat eye related problems that include sty and sore eyes. It is thought to improve eyesight and prevents the development of cataract.

Respiratory ailments. The juice from amplaya fruit and leaves are used to treat various respiratory problems that may include, asthma, wheezing cough, bronchitis and pharyngitis.

Hair and scalp problems. Ampalaya or bitter gourd has been used to treat various hair and scalp problems that may include hair loss, dry scalp, lice and pimples on the scalp.

Weight loss. Ampalaya is also used to promote body metabolism and the burning of fats thus it is valued as a weight loss supplement.

Source of energy. The vitamins and mineral found in ampalaya is considered as a stamina builder that combats fatigue.

Antioxidant. Amplaya is also considered as a potent anti-oxidant acitivity that counters the oxidation of free radicals that is the cause of cancer.

Stomach problems. Ampalaya leaf extract is a folkloric remedy for various stomach ache and problems that include indigestion, dyspepsia, parasite infestation, diarrhea and constipation.

Hepatoprotection activity. Ampalaya is used as a herbal remedy to protect the liver from damage due to intake of alcohol and other harmful substances.

Skin problems. Ampalaya is crushed or rubbed over the skin to alleviate symptoms of psoriasis, ringworm, athlete’s foot, wounds, burns and ulcers.

Boosts the immune system.  Ampalaya is also used to boost the immune system and as a supplement to build body resistance during sickness.

HIV virus. Ampalaya is also being considered as treatment ot viral diseases that include HIV, malaria, chicken fox and measles.

Menopause. Ampalaya tea is taken as a remedy for pain and discomfort associated to menopause.

Anti-inflammatory activity. Ampalaya leaf extract combined with coconut oil is used to alleviate inflammation and pain associated to gout, arthritis, rheumatism and other body pains.

Cholesterol control. Ampalaya is also widely consumed to lower the cholesterol level in the blood that helps to prevent the build up of plaque along the arterial walls.

Hemorrhoids. Ampalaya is used as astringent to treat hemorrhoids.

Contraceptive. Ampalaya has been used in folkloric medicine as an abortificient and as a contraceptive to prevent pregnancy.

Science Research: Momordica charantia Health Benefits

Antioxidant properties of Momordica Charantia (bitter gourd) seeds on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of seeds of Momordica charantia in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of seed extracts at a concentration of 150 mg/kg b.w for 30 days showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, hepatic and renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides. The treatment also resulted in a significant increase in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats. The results clearly suggest that seeds of Momordica charantia treated group may effectively normalize the impaired antioxidant status in streptozotocin induced-diabetes than the glibenclamide treated groups. The extract exerted rapid protective effects against lipid peroxidation by scavenging of free radicals there by reducing the risk of diabetic complications. Source : Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2015..
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15927932
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle regulatory genes and promotes apoptosis.
In this study, we have used human breast cancer cells, and primary human mammary epithelial cells as an in vitro model to assess the efficacy of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract as an anticancer agent. The bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract treatment of breast cancer cells resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death. Subsequent studies showed that bitter melon extract treatment of breast cancer cells inhibited survivin and claspin expression. Further studies revealed that bitter melon extract treatment enhanced p53, p21, and pChk1/2 and inhibited cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 expression, suggesting an additional mechanism involving cell cycle regulation. Together, these results show that bitter melon extract modulates signal transduction pathways for inhibition of breast cancer cell growth and can be used as a dietary supplement for prevention of breast cancer. Source: Cancer Research March 2010
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20179194
Momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) is not only a nutritious vegetable but it is also used in traditional medical practices to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental studies with animals and humans suggested that the vegetable has a possible role in glycaemic control. The study assessed the effects of mormodica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Source:  Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895968
Momordica charantia and type 2 diabetes: from in vitro to human studies.
This review describes anti-diabetic effects of bitter gourd reported in the literature and discusses what still needs to be clarified for developing an evidence-based and safe use of the bitter gourd for diabetes. Analyses of bioactive compounds have shown that bitter gourd is rich in nutrients and phytochemicals of which some have anti-diabetic effects. Juices, powders, extracts, and isolated compounds have been tested in vitro and in vivo. Bitter gourd increases insulin secretion of the pancreas, decreases intestinal glucose uptake, and increases uptake and utilization of glucose in peripheral tissues. Although human studies with type 2 diabetics are weak in their design and/or results, some of the studies do indicate anti-diabetic effects in patients and safety for bitter gourd treatment in humans. In the future, well designed studies with rodents will help to understand what kind of bitter gourd variety, dosage, preparation, and duration of administration is optimal. Such results will help to design human studies which are necessary to prove the effectiveness of bitter gourd in patients. Source: Current Diabetes Reviews. 2014 Jan.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24295371
Momordica charantia Extract Induces Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells through Caspase- and Mitochondria-Dependent Pathways.
The study evaluated and explored the potential effectiveness of Momordica charanti. , Methanol extract of Momordica charantia was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity on four human cancer cell lines,  in this study. Methanol extract of Momordica charantia showed cytotoxic activity towards all cancer cells tested, with the approximate IC(50) ranging from 0.25 to 0.35 mg/mL at 24 h. MCME induced cell death was found to be time-dependent in these cells. Methanol extract of Momordica charantia activated caspase-3 and enhanced the cleavage of downstream DFF45 and PARP, subsequently leading to DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. The apoptogenic protein, Bax, was increased, whereas Bcl-2 was decreased after treating for 24 h in all cancer cells, indicating the involvement of mitochondrial pathway in MCME-induced cell death. These findings indicate that CME has cytotoxic effects on human cancer cells and exhibits promising anti-cancer activity by triggering apoptosis through the regulation of caspases and mitochondria. Source: Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091557
Influence of Momordica charantia on oxidative stress-induced perturbations in brain monoamines and plasma corticosterone in albino rats
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antistress activity of Momordica charantia  fruit extract on stress-induced changes in albino rats and also to explore attenuating effects of MC on in vitro lipid peroxidation in rat brain. Results have showed that pretreatment with MC at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. significantly countered AS-induced changes and a similar effect was exhibited by PQ at 100 mg/kg p.o.  This study reveals the antistress activity of MC as it significantly reverted the stress-induced changes, and the activity might be attributed to its antioxidant activity since stress is known to involve several oxidative mechanisms. Source: Indian Pharmacological Society. 2011 Jul-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153706/

How to Get and How to Use Ampalaya

Where can I get or buy Ampalaya?

Amplaya or Bitter Melon for Cooking. Ampalaya fruits and leaves are usually available in Asian or Chinese markets. They can be bought fresh by the kilo, per piece or by bundles.
Ampalaya or Bitter Melon Capsules, Bitter melon, as its name implies, is quite bitter, which is why many often prefer to take capsules and tablets.Ready-made bitter melon extracts are available in capsules and tablets in many Asian markets, herb shops, and in the supplement department of health food stores.
The internet is full of online stores that sells ampalaya extracts, tablets or capsules, When you do, look for standardized extracts (to 10% charantin for instance) or concentrated whole fruit extracts (4:1 or 5:1) to help insure sufficient activity. If you are in US, Canada or UK, where Asian or Chinese health shops may not be available. Amazon.com provides an alternative. Look for products that have favorable customers reviews such as Bitter Melon GOLD. We are not affiliated with this brand and give this only as a sample reference. There are numerous to pick from, but be sure to review the manufacturer and the comments to ensure quality and safety.

How to Use Ampalaya Herbal Medicine

Cooking. Green fruit and young leaves of Ampalaya are cooked mixed with meat. To lessen the bitterness of the ampalaya fruit, wash or even boiled in water with salt.
Poultice. Grounded ampalaya leaves, seeds and root are prepared as poultice applied externally over the affected area to alleviate pain and symptoms of inflammation. It is usually mixed with other herbal oils such as olive and coconut oil.
Ampalaya herbal tea. Decoction of tea may be prepared from the powdered Ampalaya or Bitter Melon leaves, seeds and flower.

Ampalaya herbal tea or decoction

1. Cut or crush a cup of Ampalaya seeds, leaves and flowers
2. Steep in 4 cups of boiling water for 10 to 15 minutes
3. Let it cool and strain
4. drink a cup three times a day.

Ampalaya herbal tea is good to last for one day. Make new Ampalaya herbal tea as needed.
Dried ampalaya leaves, flowers and seeds are more potent, use at half dosage.

Ampalaya or Bitter Melon Juice. Ampalaya Bitter melon leaves and fruit (without the seeds) are pounded and juiced to extract concentrated juice. The juice can be taken at a spoonful for adults while teaspoonful for chilren. Ampalaya bitter melon juice can also be added to other plesant tasting juice for drinking. Dosage is 1 tablespoon 2 times a day until symptoms improve.

Dosage, Warnings and Side Effects of Ampalaya

Ampalaya fruit and young leaves are considered safe for consumption as found in food. Herbal medicine preparations should be taken as recommended for most adults. Just lilke any other herbal medicine, the key is moderation of use.
Counter indications:
When under medications for diabetes, hypertension, heart problems, etc., Taking Ampalaya in medicinal dosages may counter-act or aggravate its effectiveness. It is advised to consult your doctor before using this herb.

Pregnancy and Breast feeding. There is a study that suggests the abortive action of Momordica charantia in large doses during pregnancy. It is recommended to avoid its use more than what is found in food.

Momordica Charantia, Uses, Health Benefits, Dosage, Side Effects

Scientific Name: Momordica charantia

Other names:

Ampalaya, Bitter melon, papailla, melao de sao caetano, bittergourd, sorosi, a'jayib al maasi, assorossie, balsam apple, balsam pear, chin li chih, ejinrin gule khandan, fu-kua, karela, k'u kua kurela, kor-kuey, ku gua, lai p'u t'ao, pava-aki, salsamino, sorci, sorossi, sorossie, sorossies, pare, peria laut, peria

Ampalaya Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia) also known as Bitter Melon is a tropical and subtropical vine of the family Cucurbitaceae, widely grown in the Amazon, Carribean, South east Asia such as Philippines for its edible fruit. Ampalaya or bitter melon also known as bitter gourd as the name implies has a bitter taste due to the presence of momordicin, and is believed to be among the most bitter of all vegetables.
Ampalaya Bitter Melon is a climbing vine that grows up to 5m, with tendrils up to 20cm. long. Amplaya leaves are heart-shaped, 5-10 cm across, cut into 5-7 lobes. Each Ampalaya Bitter Melon plant bears separate yellow male and female flowers. Ampalaya bears fleshy green fruit, oblong shaped with pointed ends, ribbed and wrinkled, bursting when mature to release seeds. Ampalaya seeds are flat with ruminated margins.

Ampalaya Traditional Medicinal Uses and Health benefits

Ampalaya has a long history of medical usage and has a long list of folkloric health benefits for the following conditions.
Diabetes. Ampalaya or bitter gourd is a widely used herbal remedy to lower the blood sugar levels for diabetic patients.

Analgesic. The juice of Amplaya is used to alleviate symptoms of fever, headache and body pains.

Eye problems. Amplaya juice is also used to treat eye related problems that include sty and sore eyes. It is thought to improve eyesight and prevents the development of cataract.

Respiratory ailments. The juice from amplaya fruit and leaves are used to treat various respiratory problems that may include, asthma, wheezing cough, bronchitis and pharyngitis.

Hair and scalp problems. Ampalaya or bitter gourd has been used to treat various hair and scalp problems that may include hair loss, dry scalp, lice and pimples on the scalp.

Weight loss. Ampalaya is also used to promote body metabolism and the burning of fats thus it is valued as a weight loss supplement.

Source of energy. The vitamins and mineral found in ampalaya is considered as a stamina builder that combats fatigue.

Antioxidant. Amplaya is also considered as a potent anti-oxidant acitivity that counters the oxidation of free radicals that is the cause of cancer.

Stomach problems. Ampalaya leaf extract is a folkloric remedy for various stomach ache and problems that include indigestion, dyspepsia, parasite infestation, diarrhea and constipation.

Hepatoprotection activity. Ampalaya is used as a herbal remedy to protect the liver from damage due to intake of alcohol and other harmful substances.

Skin problems. Ampalaya is crushed or rubbed over the skin to alleviate symptoms of psoriasis, ringworm, athlete’s foot, wounds, burns and ulcers.

Boosts the immune system.  Ampalaya is also used to boost the immune system and as a supplement to build body resistance during sickness.

HIV virus. Ampalaya is also being considered as treatment ot viral diseases that include HIV, malaria, chicken fox and measles.

Menopause. Ampalaya tea is taken as a remedy for pain and discomfort associated to menopause.

Anti-inflammatory activity. Ampalaya leaf extract combined with coconut oil is used to alleviate inflammation and pain associated to gout, arthritis, rheumatism and other body pains.

Cholesterol control. Ampalaya is also widely consumed to lower the cholesterol level in the blood that helps to prevent the build up of plaque along the arterial walls.

Hemorrhoids. Ampalaya is used as astringent to treat hemorrhoids.

Contraceptive. Ampalaya has been used in folkloric medicine as an abortificient and as a contraceptive to prevent pregnancy.

Science Research: Momordica charantia Health Benefits

Antioxidant properties of Momordica Charantia (bitter gourd) seeds on Streptozotocin induced diabetic rats.
The aim of the present study is to investigate the antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of seeds of Momordica charantia in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Oral administration of seed extracts at a concentration of 150 mg/kg b.w for 30 days showed a significant decrease in fasting blood glucose, hepatic and renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and hydroperoxides. The treatment also resulted in a significant increase in reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-s-transferase in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats. The results clearly suggest that seeds of Momordica charantia treated group may effectively normalize the impaired antioxidant status in streptozotocin induced-diabetes than the glibenclamide treated groups. The extract exerted rapid protective effects against lipid peroxidation by scavenging of free radicals there by reducing the risk of diabetic complications. Source : Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 2015..
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15927932
Bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract inhibits breast cancer cell proliferation by modulating cell cycle regulatory genes and promotes apoptosis.
In this study, we have used human breast cancer cells, and primary human mammary epithelial cells as an in vitro model to assess the efficacy of bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract as an anticancer agent. The bitter melon (Momordica charantia) extract treatment of breast cancer cells resulted in a significant decrease in cell proliferation and induced apoptotic cell death. Subsequent studies showed that bitter melon extract treatment of breast cancer cells inhibited survivin and claspin expression. Further studies revealed that bitter melon extract treatment enhanced p53, p21, and pChk1/2 and inhibited cyclin B1 and cyclin D1 expression, suggesting an additional mechanism involving cell cycle regulation. Together, these results show that bitter melon extract modulates signal transduction pathways for inhibition of breast cancer cell growth and can be used as a dietary supplement for prevention of breast cancer. Source: Cancer Research March 2010
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20179194
Momordica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Momordica charantia (bitter gourd) is not only a nutritious vegetable but it is also used in traditional medical practices to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental studies with animals and humans suggested that the vegetable has a possible role in glycaemic control. The study assessed the effects of mormodica charantia for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Source:  Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22895968
Momordica charantia and type 2 diabetes: from in vitro to human studies.
This review describes anti-diabetic effects of bitter gourd reported in the literature and discusses what still needs to be clarified for developing an evidence-based and safe use of the bitter gourd for diabetes. Analyses of bioactive compounds have shown that bitter gourd is rich in nutrients and phytochemicals of which some have anti-diabetic effects. Juices, powders, extracts, and isolated compounds have been tested in vitro and in vivo. Bitter gourd increases insulin secretion of the pancreas, decreases intestinal glucose uptake, and increases uptake and utilization of glucose in peripheral tissues. Although human studies with type 2 diabetics are weak in their design and/or results, some of the studies do indicate anti-diabetic effects in patients and safety for bitter gourd treatment in humans. In the future, well designed studies with rodents will help to understand what kind of bitter gourd variety, dosage, preparation, and duration of administration is optimal. Such results will help to design human studies which are necessary to prove the effectiveness of bitter gourd in patients. Source: Current Diabetes Reviews. 2014 Jan.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24295371
Momordica charantia Extract Induces Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells through Caspase- and Mitochondria-Dependent Pathways.
The study evaluated and explored the potential effectiveness of Momordica charanti. , Methanol extract of Momordica charantia was used to evaluate the cytotoxic activity on four human cancer cell lines,  in this study. Methanol extract of Momordica charantia showed cytotoxic activity towards all cancer cells tested, with the approximate IC(50) ranging from 0.25 to 0.35 mg/mL at 24 h. MCME induced cell death was found to be time-dependent in these cells. Methanol extract of Momordica charantia activated caspase-3 and enhanced the cleavage of downstream DFF45 and PARP, subsequently leading to DNA fragmentation and nuclear condensation. The apoptogenic protein, Bax, was increased, whereas Bcl-2 was decreased after treating for 24 h in all cancer cells, indicating the involvement of mitochondrial pathway in MCME-induced cell death. These findings indicate that CME has cytotoxic effects on human cancer cells and exhibits promising anti-cancer activity by triggering apoptosis through the regulation of caspases and mitochondria. Source: Evidence Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23091557
Influence of Momordica charantia on oxidative stress-induced perturbations in brain monoamines and plasma corticosterone in albino rats
The objective of this study was to evaluate the antistress activity of Momordica charantia  fruit extract on stress-induced changes in albino rats and also to explore attenuating effects of MC on in vitro lipid peroxidation in rat brain. Results have showed that pretreatment with MC at doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg p.o. significantly countered AS-induced changes and a similar effect was exhibited by PQ at 100 mg/kg p.o.  This study reveals the antistress activity of MC as it significantly reverted the stress-induced changes, and the activity might be attributed to its antioxidant activity since stress is known to involve several oxidative mechanisms. Source: Indian Pharmacological Society. 2011 Jul-Aug
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153706/

How to Get and How to Use Ampalaya

Where can I get or buy Ampalaya?

Amplaya or Bitter Melon for Cooking. Ampalaya fruits and leaves are usually available in Asian or Chinese markets. They can be bought fresh by the kilo, per piece or by bundles.
Ampalaya or Bitter Melon Capsules, Bitter melon, as its name implies, is quite bitter, which is why many often prefer to take capsules and tablets.Ready-made bitter melon extracts are available in capsules and tablets in many Asian markets, herb shops, and in the supplement department of health food stores.
The internet is full of online stores that sells ampalaya extracts, tablets or capsules, When you do, look for standardized extracts (to 10% charantin for instance) or concentrated whole fruit extracts (4:1 or 5:1) to help insure sufficient activity. If you are in US, Canada or UK, where Asian or Chinese health shops may not be available. Amazon.com provides an alternative. Look for products that have favorable customers reviews such as Bitter Melon GOLD. We are not affiliated with this brand and give this only as a sample reference. There are numerous to pick from, but be sure to review the manufacturer and the comments to ensure quality and safety.

How to Use Ampalaya Herbal Medicine

Cooking. Green fruit and young leaves of Ampalaya are cooked mixed with meat. To lessen the bitterness of the ampalaya fruit, wash or even boiled in water with salt.
Poultice. Grounded ampalaya leaves, seeds and root are prepared as poultice applied externally over the affected area to alleviate pain and symptoms of inflammation. It is usually mixed with other herbal oils such as olive and coconut oil.
Ampalaya herbal tea. Decoction of tea may be prepared from the powdered Ampalaya or Bitter Melon leaves, seeds and flower.

Ampalaya herbal tea or decoction

1. Cut or crush a cup of Ampalaya seeds, leaves and flowers
2. Steep in 4 cups of boiling water for 10 to 15 minutes
3. Let it cool and strain
4. drink a cup three times a day.

Ampalaya herbal tea is good to last for one day. Make new Ampalaya herbal tea as needed.
Dried ampalaya leaves, flowers and seeds are more potent, use at half dosage.

Ampalaya or Bitter Melon Juice. Ampalaya Bitter melon leaves and fruit (without the seeds) are pounded and juiced to extract concentrated juice. The juice can be taken at a spoonful for adults while teaspoonful for chilren. Ampalaya bitter melon juice can also be added to other plesant tasting juice for drinking. Dosage is 1 tablespoon 2 times a day until symptoms improve.

Dosage, Warnings and Side Effects of Ampalaya

Ampalaya fruit and young leaves are considered safe for consumption as found in food. Herbal medicine preparations should be taken as recommended for most adults. Just lilke any other herbal medicine, the key is moderation of use.
Counter indications:
When under medications for diabetes, hypertension, heart problems, etc., Taking Ampalaya in medicinal dosages may counter-act or aggravate its effectiveness. It is advised to consult your doctor before using this herb.

Pregnancy and Breast feeding. There is a study that suggests the abortive action of Momordica charantia in large doses during pregnancy. It is recommended to avoid its use more than what is found in food.