Saluyot | Corchorus olitorius Herbal Medicine

Saluyot uses, health benefits, side effects, warnings.

Saluyot is a herbaceous vine that is a popular leafy vegetable in Southeast Asia. It is a good source of iron, vitamins B & C and calcium. Medicinal uses include treatment of gestational diabetes in pregnant women.

Scientific Name: Corchorus olitorius

Also knows as:
Saluyot (Tagalog), Jute, Jew’s mallow, Egyptian spinach,  jute mallow, bush okra, West African sorrel (En), Chang shouo huang ma (Ch). Krinkrin (Fr)

Saluyot (Corchorus olitorius) is an edible leafy vegetable that is a member of the  genus Corchorus, classified under the subfamily Grewioideae of the family Malvaceae. Saluyot is widely found in tropical and subtropical areas from Asia to Africa valued as food and for its strong fiber. Saluyot has long been used as food staple since ancient times by Jewish people and Egyptians hence derived its English names Jew’s mallow and Egyptian spinach.
Saluyot leaves are very nutritious, it is rich in calcium, iron, protein, vitamin A, C and E, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, folate, and dietary fibers.  Saluyot is usually cooked as stew, forming a thick slimy syrup similar in consistency to okra usually taken with rice or other starchy staple.
Saluyot can almost grow anywhere in the Philippines. Saluyot is a hardy plant that is resistant to pests and requires little care. It can be found in the wild as it can also be grown in a farm.
Saluyot plants are tall, reaching 2-4 meters in height, having only a few side branches. Saluyot  leaves are alternate, simple, lanceolate, about 5-15 cm in length tapering to a pointed tip and has finely serrated margin. Saluyot flowers are yellow about 2-3 cm wide with five petals. The fruit is capsule like with plenty of small seeds inside.

Saluyot | Corchorus olitorius Medicinal Uses

Saluyot in Traditional and Folkloric Medicine

• Saluyot being rich in vitamins and minerals generally promotes good health and well-being.
• Saluyot being rich in vitamin A can provide health benefits for good eyesight.
• Saluyot contains vitamin E and other antioxidants. It is said to prevent wrinkles and promote youthful looking skin.
• Saluyot is used to treat inflammation and pain such as arthritis , headache, stomach ache and others.
• Saluyot being rich in fiber helps to control blood pressure, cholesterol build-up, diabetes and prevents heart disease.
• Saluyot leaves are rich in fiber and its slimy consistency when cooked is used to treat various digestive problems such as diarrhea, stomach ache, dysentery, constipation and ulcers.
• It is also claimed that together with other herbs it can cure cancer.

Science Based Health Benefits from Saluyot | Corchorus olitorius Herbal Medicine

Saluyot Mechanism of action in disease treatment and prevention

Phenolic antioxidants from the leaves of Corchorus olitorius L.

Corchorus olitorius leaves contains six phenolic antioxidative compounds The contents of these phenolic compounds, were determined, and their antioxidative activities were measured using the radical generator-initiated peroxidation of linoleic acid. The results obtained showed that 5-caffeoylquinic acid was a predominant phenolic antioxidant in Corchorus  olitorius leaves. Source: Journal of  Agricultural  Food Chemistry. (1999 Oct)

Gastroprotective effects of Corchorus olitorius (Saluyot leaf extract)

A study aimed to evaluate the gastroprotective effect of an ethanolic extract of Corchorus olitorius against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in adult Sprague Dawley rats showed that sambong extract posses gastroprotection in the experimental groups and medical benefits were comparable to that of the reference control medicine omeprazole. Source: Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. (2013 Aug)

Corchorus olitorius (jute) extract induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity on human multiple myeloma cells (ARH-77).

A study investigated cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of leaf extracts (LE) and seed extracts (SE) of the Corchorus olitorius on the multiple myeloma-derived ARH-77 cells. Results have showed that both Saluyt leaf and seed extracts exerted cytotoxic effects on cells and the results of the comet assay revealed that the extracts induced genotoxic damage on ARH-77 cells. The leaf and seed extract treatments indicated that genotoxic damage significantly increased with increasing concentrations at relevant cytotoxic concentrations. Source: Pharmaceutical Biology. (2013 Jun)

Polyphenolic compounds with anti-tumour potential from Corchorus olitorius (L.)

Chromatographic fractionation of the methanolic extract of Corchorus olitorius (L.) yielded two polyphenolic compounds. The compounds when tested possess mild cytotoxic activity which was significant against HeLa cells at ⩾800μM. The plant Corchorus olitorius therefore represents a potential source of natural 'lead' compounds with anti-tumour potential. Source: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. (2016 Aug)

Health Benefits of Saluyot for Diabetes

A study conducted in Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, India reported that by  administering powdered Saluyot supplements to pregnant rats, both the mother and the fetus exhibited an increased resistance in diabetes induced oxidative stress versus a control group. The results suggest that Saluyot supplementation during pregnancy may provide beneficial effects against diabetes induced oxidative stress both for the mother and the fetus. (Journal of Diabetes. March 2013: Dietary supplementation with Ipomoea aquatica attenuates maternal and fetal oxidative stress in streptozotocin-diabetic rats)

Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Corchorus olitorius aqueous extract

A study was conducted to determine the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of Corchorus olitorius root in Wistar rats. The results showed that Corchorus olitorius root extract (p<0.05) decreased the elevated temperature and  inflammation compared with the control group.This study suggests that Corchorus olitorius root is another good source of phytomedicine that can be used effectively to treat inflammation and pyrexia that accompany some diseases. Source: Journal of Basic and Clinical Physiology and Pharmacology. (2015 Jul)

Helath Benefits of Saluyot Against Liver Disease

The Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Malaya in Malaysia conducted a study on the protective action of Saluyot against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats to determine if Saluyot can indeed help treat jaundice. An ethanol extract of Saluyot has been administered to rats subjected to liver damage by thioacetamide. Results had shown that the rats when compared to a control group showed resistance against liver lesions, cell necrosis and inflammation. The study further suggests that the protective effect of Saluyot extract  in chemical-induced liver damage might be contributed to its modulation on detoxification enzymes and its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects. Moreover, it confirms a scientific basis for the traditional use of Saluyot for the treatment of liver disorders. (Molecules. 2012: Ipomoea aquatica extract shows protective action against thioacetamide-induced hepatotoxicity)

Sambong | Blumea balsamifera Herbal Medicine

Sambong uses, health benefits, side effects, warnings..

Sambong | Blumea balsamifera DC, a medicinal herb, is widely distributed in Eastern and Southeastern Asia. It has been used in folk medicine for its many health benefits that include the treatment of septic wounds, respiratory infections, stomach pains and kidney stones.

Scientific Name: Blumea balsamifera L. DC

Also knows as:
Alibum,Lakad-bulan, Alimon, Lalakdan. Sambong (Tag.), Dalapot, Sob-sob, Gabuen. Subusub, Blumea camphor (Engl.), Kambibon, Ngai camphor (Engl.).
Sambong is used as herbal medicine and is a shrub that grows wild in the tropical climate countries such as Philippines, India, Africa and found even in eastern Himalayas. Sambong is widely used in the Philippines as herbal medicine. Sambong leaves are known for its ngai or Blumea camphor that is used as herbal medicine to treat kidney stones, wounds and cuts, rheumatism, anti-diarrhea, anti spasms, colds and coughs and hypertension. The Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) has develop the technology for a sambong herbal medicine tablet.
Sambong is an aromatic shrub, that grows from 1 to 4 meters in height. It is considered as a weed in some countries and is difficult to eradicate. Sambong has yellow flowering heads that is 6 mm long. Sambong leaves are green obloid that spreads in a pyramidial pattern. Sambong bears fruits that are ribbed and hairy on top. Sambong fruit has 1 seed.

Sambong | Bulme balsamifera Medicinal Uses

Sambong in Traditional and Folkloric Medicine

• Sambong roots and leaves are used as herbal treatment for fevers, sambong leaves and roots are pounded then dissolved in cold water. Applied with a soft cloth over the nape, forehead, underarms and other body parts to bring down the body temperature.
• Sambong roots and leaves are also used as herbal medicine treatment for rheumatism. Sambong roots and leaves are pounded and applied as poultice on the affected body part. Sambong roots and leaves may also be boiled and are applied as warm compress onto affected area
• Sambong is also used to treat headache, sambong leaves are pounded and applied as a poultice over the forehead.
• Sambong tea are also used as herbal medicine for colds and coughs.
• Sambong tea are also used for herbal treatment of diarrhea and stomach spasms.
• Sambong juice are also used for treatment of cuts and wounds.

Science Based Health Benefits from Sambong | Blumea balsamifera Herbal Medicine

Sambong Mechanism of action in disease prevention

Sambong as diuretic for hypertension and fluid retention. Sambong herbal tea is used as a diuretic for fluid retention and hypertension conditions. Sambong herbal tea incites the body to urinate thereby removing excess body fluids and sodium. Clinical studies have shown that high levels of sodium in the blood is a major cause of hypertension.
Sambong delay or averts renal failure . The Philippine National Kidney and Transplant Institute recommends taking sambong herbal medicine for patients with renal problems. Favorable results were noted that sambong may help to delay or avert dialysis or even kidney transplant.
Sambong for the Dissolution of Kidney Stones. The Philippine Department of Health (DOH) has been promoting Sambong herbal tea and tablets as a diuretic and for the dissolution of kidney stones. Sambong has been recently registered in the Bureau of Foods and Drugs as medicine.
Sambong as Anticancer: Sambong contains methanolic extract that has been found to have therapeutic activity against hepatocellular carcinoma cells. A study of sambong (balsamifera) extract inhibits the activity in rat and human hepatocellular carcinoma cells without cytotoxicity. This study suggest a possible therapeutic effect of sambong extracts (balsamifera) in the treatment of hepatoma cancer patients.
Sambong as Antibacterial and Antifungi: A Phytochemical study indicates that sambong leaves contains the chemicals icthyothereol acetate, cyptomeridiol, lutein and ß-carotene that has been found to have positive activity against microbes such as A niger, T mentagrophytes and C albicans. Results also showed activity against P aeruginosa, S aureus, B subtilis and E coli.

Sambong Preparations, Usage and Side Effects

Sambong Preparation and Usage

Sambong tea preparation:

• gather fresh sambong leaves, cut in small pieces
• wash with fresh water
• boil 50 grams of sambong leaves to a liter of water
• let it seep for 10 minutes
• remove from heat
• drink while warm 4 glasses a day for best results.

Sambong poultice

• gather fresh leaves and roots
• wash with fresh clean water
• pound in a mortar
• grounded leaves may be applied or a juice extract may be used

Sambong Capsules and tablets

Powdered Sambong leaves are available in 250 mg tablets at the DOH's Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) Tel # (632)727-6199.
Sambong is also available online in Amozon as listed : Sambong Leaf Urisam 100tabs Just check the label for recommended dose and usage.

---

Sambong Warnings and Side Effects

• Use of topical Sambong is not associated with significant side effects.
• Sambong even when taken internally is generally considered safe.
• Special Precautions & Warnings: Pregnancy and breast-feeding: Not enough is known about the use of sambong during pregnancy and breast-feeding. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.
• Sambong can cause allergic reaction for people sensitive to ragweed plants and its relatives. Side effects may include itching and skin irritation.

---

Sambong Herbal Medicine: Useful References

The Chinese Materia Medica. 1st ed. Shanghai Science and Technology Press; Shanghai, China: 1999. The State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Editorial Board of Chinese Herb Medicine; pp. 466–467.
Sakee U., Maneerat S., Cushnie T.P., De-Eknamkul W. Antimicrobial activity of Blumea balsamifera (Lin.) DC. extracts and essential oil. Nat. Prod. Res. 2011;25:1849–1856. [PubMed]
Lin H., Zhao J.W., Chen Q.S., Zhou F., Sun L. Discrimination of Radix Pseudostellariae according to geographical origins using NIR spectroscopy and support vector data description. Spectrochim. Acta A. 2011;79:1381–1385. [PubMed]
Hahn D.W., Omenetto N. Laser-Induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Part I: Review of basic diagnostics and plasma-particle interactions: Still-Challenging issues within the analytical plasma community. Appl. Spectrosc. 2010;64:335–366. [PubMed]
PubMed®
A service of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), PubMed® contains publication information and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. CAM on PubMed®, developed jointly by NCCAM and NLM, is a subset of the PubMed® system and focuses on the topic of CAM.
Web site: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
CAM on PubMed® : nccam.nih.gov/research/camonpubmed/

Siling labuyo (Capsicum Frutescens) Herbal Medicine

This article discusses the medicinal uses, health benefits, side effects and warnings of Siling labuyo..

Siling labuyo (Capsicum Frutescens) is a variety of cayenne pepper commonly found in Southeast Asian Region. It is small in size compared to its cousins from the west but this little chili pepper packs a lot more pungent odor and taste. Siling labuyo is widely used in traditional herbal medicine to alleviate pain and inflammation due to arthritis, gout and fibromyalgia.

Scientific Name: Capsicum Frutescens

Also knows as:

Siling palay, siling bundok (Tagalog), African Chili, African Bird pepper, Tabasco pepper, Chile pepper, Cayenne pepper, red pepper, Chili pepper (English), Tjabe Rawit, lombok riewit (Indonesia).

Siling labuyo (capsicum frutescens) is a variety of cayenne pepper commonly found in Southeast Asian Region. It is commonly mistaken as capsicum annum which has many similar physical characteristics but siling labuyo has more pungent odor and taste.

Description of Siling Labuyo

Siling labuyo is an annual or short perennial erect plant growing  to a height of .5 to 1.2 meters in warm climates. Siling labuyo plant has woody branches with leaves that are oblong with pointed tip about 3 to 8 cm in length.
Flowers bloom in a central axil, white, pale green or yellow-green in color. The fruit of siling labuyo is small, conical and tapering in shape about 1.5 to 3 cm long. Siling labuyo may be pale green or yellow turning red as it ripens and contains many small seeds.  Siling labuyo may be small but it is considered as among the hottest variety of chili pepper.

Siling labuyo Traditional Health Benefits

Siling labuyo is widely used as folkloric herbal medicine. Siling labuyo is known for the following health benefits:

Fibromyalgia. Chili or siling labuyo consumption can improve the symptoms of fibromyalgia.
Relieves heavy menstrual bleeding. A decoction of half a teaspoon of siling labuyo mixed with warm water taken twice a day can alleviate symptoms of heavy bleeding.
Relieves pain and inflammation. Crushed siling labuyo is mixed with oil and massaged to joint pains, gout, arthritis and rheumatism to relieve pain and inflammation.
Can increase blood flow. Crushed siling labuyo is a strong rubefacient, or irritant that makes the skin to become red by causing dilation of the capillaries and an increase in blood circulation.
Antibiotic properties. Crushed leaves of siling labuyo are applied to skin wounds and sores, believed to possess antibiotic properties.
Decongestant. Siling labuyo infusion is used in treating cough and stuffed nose due to colds and fever. It is used to stimulate mucus flow from sinus cavities clearing the congestion.
Sore throat. Siling labuyo is used to treat sore throat when gargled.
Stomach problems. Infusion of siling labuyo is used as body stimulant and antispasmodic. It is used to treat flatulence and dyspepsia.
Toothache. Juice from crushed siling labuyo is applied into tooth cavities to relieve toothache.
Diabetes. Siling labuyo is believed to lower blood cholesterol and can help cure diabetes.
Fever and typhus. Infusion of siling labuyo is used to treat typhus and fevers.

Scientific Studies: Siling labuyo Herbal Medicine

Siling labuyo is a variety of Cayenne pepper whose therapeutic actions is used for various medical conditions which includes; rubefacient, vasomotor stimulant, aphrodisiac, expectorant, topical vasodilator, pain reliever and many others.

The active ingredient of cayenne pepper (siling labuyo) is capsaicin, a chemical compound that creates a feeling of burning pain. Capsaicin used in OTC topical pain reliever works by tricking the cells to release a substance that the brain interprets as burning pain thus acting on it, depletes the chemical signal resulting to pain relief.

Capsicum pain plaster in chronic non-specific low back pain

In a study conducted in Germany, the pharmacodynamics action of capsaicin to relieve pain associated with neuropathic and musculoskeletal disorders has been confirmed. A group of people suffering from chronic nonspecific back pain has been given capsaicin plaster as treatment. After 3 weeks of treatment, results were compared to a control group who were administered with placebo. I was established that those who were given capsaicin treatment reported a notable reduction of pain as compared to those treated with placebo. This confirmed that repeated application of capsaicin bring about desensitisation to pain and that it is likewise reversible.  (Journal: Arzneimittel-Forschung, 2001, vol. 51).

Capsaicin anti-inflammatory effect in H-pylori infected gastric epithelial cells.

In a laboratory study, gastric epithelial cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of capsaicin then infected with H-pylori bacteria at different times to determine if capsaicin can inhibit the release of pro-inflammatory cytokine. Test results have shown that nontoxic dose of capsaicin inhibited H. pylori-induced IL-8 production by gastric epithelial cells through the modulation of IkappaB-, NF-kappaB-, and IL-8 pathways. This concludes that capsaicin can be proposed as a potential anti-inflammatory drug by inhibition of the production of IL-8 in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelium. (The Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Seoul, Korea: Helicobacter, October 2007).

Potential Health Benefit of Capsaicin in Siling Labuyo for Type 2 Diabetes

In a crossover study done in Thailand, 12 healthy volunteers were given oral glucose tolerance test while taking placebo or 5 grams of capsicum. The results showed that plasma glucose levels in volunteers who received capsicum were significantly lower than those in the placebo group at 30 and 45 minutes (p < 0.05). Furthermore, plasma insulin levels were significantly higher at 60, 75, 105, and 120 minutes (p < 0.05). When comparing before and after capsicum intake, the results showed the insulin levels were maintained. This study suggests that 5 grams of capsicum can decrease the plasma glucose level and may have clinical implications in the management of type 2 diabetes (Pharmacological effects of capsicum frutescens in decreasing plasma glucose level; Journal of Medical Association of Thailand, January 2009)

Anti-bacterial and anthelmintic activity of capsicum frutescens leaves.

In the course of study, it was observed that capsicum frutescens leaves are rich in carbohydrates, potassium and iron. The methanolic extract showed dose dependent antibacterial activity against  S. aureus,  K. pneumoniae and P. aeruginosa. The anthelmintic effect of all concentrations was lesser when compared to standard. (Pharmacognosy Journal, February 2010)

Siling labuyo Usage, Dosage

Where can I buy / get Siling labuyo?

Siling labuyo (Capsicum Frutescens) plant can be readily grown in most soil even on pots. The plant can be available from your local horticulturist. The siling labuyo fruit however is widely available in most wet markets, grocery stores and supermarkets under the spices section. Siling labuyo can be bought by packets or by the kilo. Dried powdered form is likewise available as well as those in paste form.
There are many varieties of siling labuyo, but the local ones that are smaller in size compared to those that came from China and Taiwan are hotter and more potent.

How to use Siling labuyo herbal medicine?

Siling labuyo fruit. The fuit has a pungent and hot taste. It is usually used to spice foods. Pounded fruit are also mixed with carrier oil such as coconut oil and used to massage over the affected area.
Siling labuyo leaves. Fresh Siling labuyo leaves can be pounded or chewed and consumed by mouth. It can also be used in cooking.
Siling labuyo poultice. Fresh Siling labuyo leaves can be pounded and applied directly to the affected area

Tawas | Tawas (Potassium alum)

Tawas Health Benefits, Dosage, Side effects and Warnings.

Scientific Name: Cassia alata

Other names:

Alum, potassium alum, soda alum, ammonium alum and aluminum alum and Alum.

Tawas is a transparent salt crystal that is soluble in water and widely used as a deodorant and astringent. This crystal has been used in traditional medicine having a number of medicinal uses and health benefits including treatment of hemorhoids, sores and others.
Tawas is a chemically hydrated aluminum potassium sulfate that possesses a specific crystal shape and is soluble in water and reacts with acid. Tawas has a chemical formula KAl(SO4)2·12H2O.  It is non-toxic, has somewhat a sweet acidic taste. There are several types of Alum in the market like potassium alum, soda alum, ammonium alum and aluminum alum, but the more common is the potassium alum.
Tawas has varieties of uses. Tawas has industrial, cosmetic, culinary applications as well as some medicinal and health benefits.

Tawas Traditional Medicinal Uses and Health benefits

Tawas has a long history of medical usage and has a long list of folkloric health benefits for the following conditions.
Tawas is popularly used as deodorant
Tawas is a safe natural way to control body odor or deodorant. Tawas is hypoallergenic, easily washable, it is not an antiperspirant thus it does not clog the skin pores. Tawas works by eliminating the odor causing bacteria so the body would not smell while maintaining the natural way of sweating. Tawas is applied by gently rubbing the crystal in the armpits or feet while the area is damp from showering or washing. Tawas leaves an invisible layer to the areas it is applied. The crystal has no scent and gives 24 hour protection.
Tawas as astringent. Tawas acts as astringent in small cuts to stop bleeding and infection.
Tawas is also used as a soothing agent during or after body hair removals by waxing or shaving.
Tawas is also used to treat hemorrhoids. Tawas powder dissolved in five parts water has been used to shrink hemorrhoids and stop them from bleeding

Tawas for canker sores. Powdered Tawas is commonly cited as a home remedy.
Tawas as mouthwash. Tawas is also used as mouthwash to protect against tooth decay and gum diseases. Tawas is used as an ingredient in some toothpaste and commercial mouthwash.

Science Research: Cassia alata Health Benefits

Tawas or Alum used as adjutant in human vaccines

Alum or alum is used in many human vaccines as an adjuvant based on its ability to enhance the body's response to immunogens. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC97997/

Antibacterial action of Alum or Alum

In a study published in “Indian Journal of Medical Research” 1996. Potash alum or Alum was found to inhibit the growth of pathogenic organisms in water that has the potential to cause epidemic. Such as V. cholerae  and V. cholerae. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8783521

Astringent action of Alum or Alum

A study published in “Chemical Senses” 1994, identified alum (Alum) as one of the chemical compound that possess high astringency effect comparable or even better than gallic acid and citric acid. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8055264

Alum or Alum used in the Treatment of Hemorrhage

In a study reported in  “Ann Chir Gynaecol”  1987, patients suffering from severe hemorrhage from the bladder were subjected to continuous irrigation with 1% alum solution.. Bleeding ceased in 8 patients, and was temporary in only one of these cases. In 2 patients with thrombocytopaenia the treatment failed. No side effects were noticed. Serum aluminum level was measured in one patient and the value was normal. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3674728

Alum (Alum) other Usages

Industrial Water Purification
Alum is commonly used in industrial applications as an agent in water purification. Alum is used in reducing the turbidity or cloudiness of water. When dissolved Tawas is mixed with cloudy water, the suspended minerals and particles are attracted together by the action of Tawas creating a heavy gelatinous substance that settle at the bottom called precipitates. The resulting clear water above is then ready for further filtration and purification.
Cosmetics
In the 1950s, men sporting crew cut or flattop hairstyles sometimes applied Tawas to their front short hairs as an alternative to pomade[citation needed]. When the hair dried, it would stay up all day.
Culinary
Tawas powder may be used in pickling recipes as a preservative to maintain fruit and vegetable crispness.
Tawas is used as the acidic component of some commercial baking powders.
Tawas was used by bakers in England during the 1800s to make bread whiter.
Flame retardant
Solutions containing Tawas may be used to treat cloth, wood, and paper materials to increase their resistance to fire.
Tawas is also a component of foamite.
Tawas is also used in fire extinguishers to smother chemical and oil fires.
Source : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawas

How to Get and How to Use Tawas

Where can I get or buy Tawas?

Tawas can be bought in powder or crystal form. Tawas is commonly available in most drugstores and health stores. Tawas is also sold by street vendors near churches or in wet markets.
Tawas powder is also available in spices section in supermarkets for pickling purposes. Tawas is not known to be harmful when taken in recommended dosages. However, individuals should always take caution before using for any internal treatment.

Moringa Herbal Medicine

Moringa uses, health benefits, side effects, warnings.of use.

Moringa (Moringa Oleifera),Moringa oleifera Lam (Moringaceae) is a highly valued plant, distributed in many countries of the tropics and subtropics.such as the Philippines, India and Africa. Moringa is widely used as vegetable ingredient in cooking, as herbal medicine for a number of illness and other practical uses. Moringa contains proteins, vitamins, and minerals. As an anti-oxidant, it has activity to help protect cells from damage.

Moringa Scientific Name : Moringa Oleifera

Also known as: "Malunggáy" in Philippines, "Sajina" in India, "Shojne" in   Bengal, "Munagakaya" in   Telugu, "Shenano" in   Rajasthani, "Shevaga" in   Marathi, "Nuggekai" in Kannada, "Drumstick Tree, Horse Radish Tree, Ben Oil Tree" in English, "La mu" in Chinese.

The Moringa plant can grow to as high as 9 meters with erect white trunks. The compound leaf has about 3 to 9 leaflets. Moringa has white fragrant flowers that produces long pods with 3-angled winged seeds.
Moringa may be propagated by planting its seeds about an inch in the ground or matured Moringa stem cuttings of about 3 feet in length may also be planted into the ground. Planted Moringa cuttings grows faster compared to planted seeds.
Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) has been used as herbal medicine in many cultures for hundreds of years, Moringa is known as a very nutritious plant where it is used to combat malnutrition in third world countries especially for infants and nursing mothers.
Moringa has an impressive range of medicinal uses and health benefits, with high nutritional value. The Moringa plant provides a rich and rare combination of zeatin, quercetin, beta-sitosterol, caffeoylquinic acid and kaempferol. Moringa oleifera act as cardiac and circulatory stimulants, possess antitumor, antipyretic, antiepileptic, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, antispasmodic, diuretic, antihypertensive, cholesterol lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, antibacterial and antifungal activities, and are being employed for the treatment of different ailments in the indigenous system of medicine, particularly in South Asia.

Moringa Health Benefits and Tradional Medicinal Uses

Moringa in Traditional and Folkloric Medicine

Moringa is widely believed to contain high value nutrients and consumption of which promotes general well being. Moringa is also called a "miracle tree" primarilly for the various health benefits it can provide for almost all kinds of diseases and medical conditions. More over almost all of its parts have use - from its roots, pods, seeds, barks, flowers and leaves. Listed below are some of the traditional health benefits of Moringa.

• Decoction of boiled roots used to wash sores, cuts, skin ulcers, wounds and other skin diseases to alleviate pain and promote healing.
  
• Moringa is also used for stomach and intestinal problems such as ulcers and constipation.
  
• Moringa roots and bark have been used as abortifacient.
  
• Moringa flower with soy milk  is used as aphrodisiac and promote fertility for men.
  
• While Moringa roots are believed to suppress fertility, chewed as a contraceptive by women.
• Moringa roots are also used to treat snake bites,
  
• The juice from Moringa roots is used to treat ear related problems (otalgia).
• Moringa leaves pounded and combined with coconut oil is used to treat scalp problems and to promote hair growth.
  
• Boiled Moringa leaves contain immune boosting nutrients used in sickness recovery.
  
• Boiled Moringa leaves used to promote milk production in nursing mothers.
  
• Moringa leaves combined with honey and calamsi to treat cough and asthma
  
• Moringa is used as skin restorer to promote skin rejuvenation.
  
• Moringa soup is used to lower high blood pressure
  
• Moringa tea from bark or leaves is used to treat insomnia and restlessness.
  
• Moringa pod is chewed to treat and prevent intestinal parasites in children.
  
• Moringa is also recommended for sufferers of diabetes
  
• Moringa is consumed to strengthen the bones especially for growing children and older people due ot high calcium content.
  
• Moringa oil or poultice is used to treat bone and ligament related conditions that involve inflammations such as gout, rheumatism, back pain, sprains and all srts of swelling.
  
• Moringa is also used to improve eye problems. Believed to contain high amount of vitamin A, more than that of a carrot.
  
• Moringa is used along with other herbal medicines to treat cancer.
  
• Leaves and fruit used for constipation and as diuretic.
  

Science Based Health Benefits from Moringa

Moringa: Combat Malnutrition, used to combat malnutrition, especially among infants and nursing mothers. Contains vitamins A, B and C, calcium, iron and protein.
Moringa oleifera exerts protective effects against STZ-induced diabetes. In a study published in the Journal of Diabetes (2012) entitled "Evaluation of antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera in experimental diabetes" has shown the significant antidiabetic and antioxidant activity of the extract in mice subjects.

Moringa: Anti infectious: Antibacterial; Anti Fungal, . In late 1940's, The Department of Biochemistry at the Indian Institute of Science in Bangalore (PLN Rao) have found that Moringa or Moringa Oleifera leaves contain a compound "pterygospermin" that is known in medical science as having antimicrobial, antibacterial, anti fungal properties.
Moringa: Treatment for Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia. A review relating to the "Therapeutic Potential of Moringa oleifera Leaves in Chronic Hyperglycemia and Dyslipidemia" was published in Frontiers in Pharmacology (2012) suggests the efficacy of Moringa leaves in the treatment of hyperglycimia and diabetes.
Moringa: Cancer Treatment and Prevention. Moringa or Moringa has been shown in studies to have an anti-tumor capacity. Moringa contains benzyl isothiocyanate. There are many studies that have shown this chemical and compounds derived thereof to have anti-cancer and chemoprotective capabilities. This chemoprotective aspect is critical for those who are battling cancer; this helps strengthen cells so that they can tolerate chemotherapy. Moringa is also considered in the treatment of prostate cancer and skin cancer. (Ref: Fuglie LJ (2000) New Uses of Moringa Studied in Nicaragua. ECHO Development Notes #68, June, 2000. ttp://www.echotech.org/network/modules.php?
name=News&file=article&sid=194)
Moringa: Anti-Inflamatory Activity: Moringa has been found to inhibit inflammation in a controlled scientific study conducted by Philippine DOST Scientists (Amelia P. Guevara, Carolyn Vargas and Milagros Uy). When an aquous seed extract of Moringa has been administered to a carrageenan induced inflammation, its was noted that the aquous seed extract of the Moringa (Moringa Oleifera) inhibited the development of edema in ratpaw. The Moringa is traditionally used to prevent and treat inflammations associated with rheumatism, arthritis and joint pains.
Moringa: Regulation of Thyroid hormone. A study regarding the "Role of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in the regulation of thyroid hormone status in adult male and female rats" as published in Pharmacological Research (200) suggests the possible health benefits of a lower concentration of moringa extract against hyperthyriodism.
Moringa - Reproductive health. Fuglie LJ (1999) The Miracle Tree: Moringa oleifera: Natural Nutrition for the Tropics has reported that Moringa or Moringa Oleifera is widely believed to have an aphrodisiac action that enhances the sexual activity. Moringa or moringa oleifera young leaves is also widely used to increase the flow of milk for lactating mothers.

Moringa Preparations, Usage and Side Effects

Moringa Herbal Medicine Preparation and Usage

Moringa as food. Moringa pods may be eaten raw or may also be fried with peanut similar taste. Moringa leaves and flower may also be cooked together with other vegetables and meat to form soups or viands.
Moringa decoction for washing sores and wounds, Boil Moringa roots and let it cool to tolerable warm temperature and use it to wash wounds and sores. By gargling the Moringa decoction, it may also be used to wash mouth sores and sore throats.
Moringa poultice. Grounded Moringa seeds, leaves and bark may be applied topically as poultice onto swollen flesh to relieve inflammation.
Moringa oil may be taken internally as mixed with foods, it is known to be a powerful antioxidant even used by the early people from Egypt. Moringa oil also known as Ben oil is widely used as oil base for perfumes and cosmetics. The oil is extracted from Moringa seeds by pressing.

Moringa Tea Preparation
as shared by Ms. Rhea Rodrigo - from comments thread below

1. Pick out 4 to 5 branches from the tree. Choose those with lots of leaves.
2. Place them on a tray and leave in a dry place anywhere in your home for 3-4 days or until the leaves dry up and become crumpled. No need for sunlight.
3. Pick out the crumpled leaves from the twigs and place in a dry pan over a low fire. Do not place water or oil in the pan.
4. Cook the leaves, turning them over with a cooking spoon so that the leaves are cooked evenly. They are cooked when they are toasted but not burned.
5. Store the cooked leaves in any container with a cover.
6. To make the tea, take a tablespoon of the cooked leaves from the container and place in a cup of hot water. Let sit until the water absorbs the green color and nutrients of the leaves. It takes the same amount of time as making ordinary tea from tea bags.
7. Remove the leaves from the cup.
8. Option: add honey.

---

Where to Get Moringa?

Moringa tree can be found in the wild as well as culitvated in warm ttopical countries. The pods and leaves are harvested and are sold in wet markets and in the vegetable section in Asian grocery stores.
For other countries where Moringa trees don't grow, food grade preparations in forms of powder, tablets, syrups and capsules can be bought in respected health stores and Asian stores. Liniments, creams and lotions containg Moringa oil may also be available.
There are few online stores that sell Moringa tablets and capsules, Amazon is one, a sample product is Organic Moringa Powder 120 Veg Capsules. We do not endorse this product just for sample purpose only, and there are a ton of other related moringa products listed, we therefore suggest that you examine carefully the background of the manufacturer and analyze product reviews to be certain of quality.

---

Moringa Warnings and Side Effects

Although Moringa consumption is generally accepted as safe. But according to Indian traditional usage, Moringa may have an abortificient effects. (Ref: Nath D, N Sethi, et al. (1997) Survey on indigenous medicinal plants used for abortion in some districts of Uttar Pradesh. Fitoterapia 68(3): 223-225)

---

Moringa Herbal Medicine: Useful References

NCCAM Clearinghouse. The NCCAM Clearinghouse provides information on CAM and NCCAM, including publications and searches of Federal databases of scientific and medical literature. The Clearinghouse does not provide medical advice, treatment recommendations, or referrals to practitioners.
Toll-free in the U.S.: 1-888-644-6226 TTY (for deaf and hard-of-hearing callers): 1-866-464-3615 Web site: nccam.nih.gov E-mail: info@nccam.nih.gov
PubMed®
A service of the National Library of Medicine (NLM), PubMed® contains publication information and (in most cases) brief summaries of articles from scientific and medical journals. CAM on PubMed®, developed jointly by NCCAM and NLM, is a subset of the PubMed® system and focuses on the topic of CAM.
Web site: www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez
CAM on PubMed® : nccam.nih.gov/research/camonpubmed/

Tongkat ali (Eurycoma longifolia Jack) Herbal Medicine

This article discusses the medicinal uses, health Benefits, side effects and warnings of Tongkat ali.

Tongkat ali  is one of the well-known folk medicines for aphrodisiac effects as well as intermittent fever (malaria) in Asia. Tongkat ali is also used as a body building supplement but is more popularly used to improve sexual performance in men.

Scientific Name: Eurycoma longifolia Jack

Also knows as:

pasak bumi, bidara laut (Indonesian); tho nan (Laos); plaalai phuenk, hae phan chan, , phiak (Thai); babi kurus (Javanese); cay ba binh (Viet Namese); Tongkat ali, bedara merah, penawar pahit, lempedu pahit, penawar bias, bedara putih, payong ali, muntah bumi, tongkat baginda, petala bumi (Malay);

Tongkat ali (pasak bumi) with scientific name Eurycoma longifolia, is a flowering plant that is native in Southeast Asian countries such as Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines. Tongkat ali is a treelet that takes about 20 years to mature and grows up to 15 meters in height. Tongkat ali leaves has spiral pinnate leaves that are about 20 to 40 centimeters long with about 13 to 41 leaflets. Tongkat ali flowers bloom in pink to reddish pink in color. The flowers are dioecious, with the male and the female flowers blooming in different trees. Tongkat ali bears fruits that are originally green the turns to red then dark red in color as it ripens. Tongkat ali fruit is obloid in shape with length up to 2 cm and 1 cm in width
Folkloric uses of Tongkat Ali herbal medicine include the treatment for diarrhea, boils, ulcer, tuberculosis, jaundice and dysentery. It is used to increase muscle mass such as in body building. But Tongkat ali is widely known for its ability to enhance sexual activity in men.

Tongkat ali Traditional Medicinal Uses

Tongkat ali is largely used in traditional herbal medicine for various conditions.

Almost the entire plant has use in folkloric herbal medicine. Each has its own health benefits.

Tongkat ali leaves. The decoctions from Eurycoma longifolia leaves are used for washing itches and wounds.

Tongkat ali Fruits. The fruits are used in curing dysentery.

Tongkat ali bark. The bark is mostly used as a vermifuge

Tongkat ali taproots are used to treat high blood pressure,

Tongkat ali root bark is used for the treatment of diarrhea and fever.

Tongkat ali roots. The roots has the most health benefits and is widely used. Root extract of Eurycoma longifolia are used for sexual dysfunction, aging, malaria, cancer, diabetes, anxiety, aches, constipation, exercise recovery, fever, increased energy, increased strength, leukemia, osteoporosis, stress, syphilis and glandular swelling.
The roots are also used as an aphrodisiac, antibiotic, appetite stimulant and health supplement.

Scientific Studies Relating to Tongkat ali Health Benefits

Tongkat Ali as sexual activity enhancer. Scientific studies have shown that Tongkat ali enhances sexual characteristics and performance in rodents In other laboratory animal tests, it has been observed that there is an increase of sexual activity in mature rats which exhibited arousal, sniffing, and mounting behavior. In another study for Tongkat ali, it was found that eurycoma longifolia increases sperm count when compared with that of the control and infertile animals.("Ang, HH; Lee, KL; Kiyoshi, M (2004). "Sexual arousal in sexually sluggish old male rats after oral administration of Eurycoma longifolia Jack". Journal of basic and clinical physiology and pharmacology)
Tongkat ali as anabolic enhancer. The anabolic impact of Eurycoma longifolia has been confirmed in the animal model, when the size and weight of just one muscle was measured in treated and untreated rats of equal size. "Results showed that 800 mg/kg of butanol, methanol, water and chloroform fractions of E. longifolia Jack significantly increased (p<0.05) the levator ani muscle (Ang, HH; Cheang, HS (2001). "Effects of Eurycoma longifolia jack on laevator ani muscle in both uncastrated and testosterone-stimulated castrated intact male rats". Archives of pharmacal research)
Tongkat ali, anti-cancer activity. Studies made by Taiwanese scientists isolated compounds from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia, that exhibited "strong cytotoxicity" towards human lung and breast cancer cell lines. (Kuo, Ping-Chung; Damu, Amooru G; Lee, Kuo-Hsiung; Wu, Tian-Shung (2004). "Cytotoxic and antimalarial constituents from the roots of Eurycoma longifolia". Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry)
Another study confirmed that fractions of Eurycoma longifolia extract induced apoptosis in breast-cancer cells
Tongkat Ali with anti-malaria activity. Tongkat ali or Eurycomanone as a bioactive component has shown strong anti-malarial activities. It is currently being studied and selected for further investigation of its derivatives to enhance its anti-malarial activities.
Effect of Tongkat Ali on stress hormones and psychological mood state. This study indicates that daily supplementation with tongkat ali root extract improves stress hormone profile and certain mood state parameters, suggesting that this “ancient” remedy may be an effective approach to shielding the body from the detrimental effects of “modern” chronic stress, which may include general day-to-day stress, as well as the stress of dieting, sleep deprivation, and exercise training.(Source: J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2013)

Tongkat ali Dosage and Safe Usage

Where can I get or buy Tongkat ali?

Tongakat ali can be bought from health and drug stores. Tongkat ali can be bouhgt over the counter and would not require a doctor's presciption. You can purchase Tongkat Ali online.
Take note that there are a lot of variants, brands and grades whereby Tongkat ali is sold. Needless to say, some may be less effective than others. Buy your tongkat ali herbal medicine from reputable sources. Amazon listed: Pure Science SD-200 Tongkat Ali Extract this enjoys a very good review from users and can be an indication of good quality.

What is the usual dosage for Tongkat ali?

The usual dosage for Tongkat ali depends on the ability of the body to absorb the constituents and adjust to its effect. It is recommended to start at small dosage to minimize potential side effects incrementally increasing to full recommended dosage. It is best to consult and follow the product labels.
Typically, tongkat ali supplementation is taken by periodic cycle to avoid
Body building. Most bodybuilders would cycle from a six to eight weeks supplementation then a 2 weeks break.
For improved sexual performance, a five-day supplementation and two-days break is the typical cycle.

Tongkat ali Warnings and Side Effects

Tongkat Ali just like most herbal plants are safe for use in small dosages and at limited time. But large doses taken in prolonged time may result to the following unfavorable conditions.
Insomnia. The most commonly reported Tongkat Ali side effect is insomnia. It is recommended that Tongkat Ali be taken in small doses at first and let the body cope with its effect before using at recommended dosage.
Behavior change. Tongkat Ali is known to boost the testerone level in the body. This increase of testerone may manifest as change in personality. Others reported irritability, restlessness, impatience and the tendency of being easily angered.
Tongkat ali use is not recommended for pregnant women. There are no sufficient studies that have been made to establish the adverse effect of Tongkat Ali in pregnancy.
Tongkat ali use is known to further decrease the immune system, thus it is not advisable for those who already have weakened immune system.
Tongkat Ali is a powerful herbal medicine that is now being regulated by various medical and health agencies. If adverse reaction and symptoms occurs, stop its use and consult your doctor.

Lemon grass Herbal Medicine

This article discusses the medicinal uses, health Benefits, side effects and warnings of Lemon grass.

Lemon Grass is an herb largely popolar for its citrus flavour with a trace of ginger. It is widely used in cooking served to spice various Asian cuisines from Thai to Filipino dishes. Lemon grass is not only good for flavouring but it has been traditionally used as herbal medicine to treat various medical condition. Read on to discover the amazing uses of this lowly but useful herb.

Scientific Name: Cymbopogon citratus

Also knows as:

Brazil: Capim-cidrao, Capim-santo; Egypt: Lemon grass; English: Lemongrass, Citronella, Squinant; Ethiopia: Tej-sar Hindi: Sera, Verveine; Indonesian: Sereh; Italian: Cimbopogone; Malaysia: Sakumau; Mexico: Zacate limon; Swedish: Citrongräss; Thailand: Ta-khrai; Turkish: Limon out; USA and UK: Citronella

Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), a native herb from temperate and warm regions such as India, Philippines and Malaysia, is widely used in Asian cooking and is an ingredient in many Thai and Vietnamese foods. Lemon grass use in cooking has become popular in the Caribbean and in the United States for its aromatic citrus flavor with a trace of ginger.
Lemon grass is a member of a specie of grass that grows to as high as 1 meter with leaves of 1 to 1.5 centimeters in width that grows from a stalk of about 30 to 80 cm long with bulbous lower end. Lemon grass is a perennial and tufted grass that is commercially cultivated in Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and China. Lemon grass is also cultivated in United States specifically in California and Florida. Propagation is by dividing the root clumps.
Lemon grass oil is extracted by steam distillation. Lemongrass oil has a lemony, sweet smell and is dark yellow to amber and reddish in color, with a watery viscosity. It is also known as 'choomana poolu' and is also referred to as 'Indian Verbena' or 'Indian M`elissa oil'. Lemon grass oil is a valuable ingredient in cosmetics, perfumes and as fragrances for soaps and insect repellant's.
Lemongrass is reportedly has a wide variety of therapeutic application and helath benefits. With limited research and studies conducted on humans, Lemon grass' effectiveness is based mainly on the results from animal and laboratory studies as well as its reputation as a folk remedy.

Lemon grass Traditional Medicinal Uses

Lemon grass is largely used in traditional herbal medicine for various conditions.

Antiseptic, antibacterial and antimicrobial. Lemon grass is an antiseptic herb. It is used in treating Staph Infections and combating Skin Infections. It is an effective wound wash. It is a natural insect repellent. It prevents the development of insect borne diseases.
Prevents body odor. The aromatic scent of lemon grass is used to control excessive sweating and body odor. The antibacterial action of lemon grass also neutralize the microorganisms that cause odor.
Improves body metabolism.  Lemon grass stimulates body metabolism and prevents accumulation of unwanted fats thereby toning the body and helps in weight loss.
Lemon Grass is a diuretic herb. It stimulates the passing of body fluids flushing out harmful toxins.
Lemon grass relieves gout. The diuretic activity of Lemon Grass helps to flush out uric acid that is the primary cause of gout.
Combats bad cholesterol.  Lemon grass has antihyperlipidemic and anticholesterolemic properties are useful in regulating the levels of Cholesterol in the body. Lemon grass reduces the LDL cholesterol and keeps the level of triglycerides under control.
Lemon grass is powerful antioxidant. It helps to prevent cancer by attacking the cancer cells while protecting the normal cells. The antioxidant activity of lemon grass prevents the oxidation of free radicals eventually  lowering  the risk of Cancer.
Improve bowel movement. Lemon grass is a good herbal remedy in treating gastrointestinal disorders such as indigestion, imbalance of good and bad bacteria and gastrointestinal parasites.
Pain reliever. Lemon grass has analgesic action that relieves pain from migraine and headache associated with fever, colds and flu. It is also used for back pain, rheumatism, sprains and other body pains.
Relaxant. Lemon grass is used in baths or vapor scents, can revitalize the body and relieve the symptoms of jet lag, headaches, anxiety and stress related exhaustion
Useful for respiratory infections. Lemon grass is used to treat sore throats, laryngitis and fever and helps prevent spreading of infectious diseases.
Insect repellent. The aromatic and citrus scent of lemon grass is an effective insect repellent. It helps to keep pets clean of fleas, ticks and lice.
In Asia and Africa, Lemongrass is used as antiseptic, antitussive, and anti-rheumatic and to treat backache, sprains, and hemoptysis. Infusions of its leaves are used in alternative medicine as sedative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory.
In some African countries, it is used to treat diabetes

Other Scientific Studies Relating to Lemon grass

Antimutagenicity of Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf) to various known mutagens in salmonella mutation assay.

A study done in the Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Thailand found that Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus Stapf)  possess antimutagenic properties towards chemical-induced mutation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100. Mutagenicity of AFB1, Trp-P-1, Trp-P-2, Glu-P-1, Glu-P-2, IQ, MNNG and AF-2, was inhibited by the extract of lemon grass in a dose-dependent manner, but no effect was found on the mutagenic activity of benzo[a]pyrene. Source: Mutation Research - Genetic Toxicology and Environmental (Nov 1994)

---

Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) essential oil as a potent anti-inflammatory and antifungal drugs.

In the present study, lemon grass essential oil was evaluated for its in vivo topical and oral anti-inflammatory effects, and for its in vitro antifungal activity using both liquid and vapor phases
Lemon grass oil extract exhibited promising antifungal effect against Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and Aspergillus nige. In addition, topical application of LGEO in vivo resulted in a potent anti-inflammatory effect, as demonstrated by using the mouse model of croton oil-induced ear edema. Source: Libyan Journal of Medicine (Sept 2014)

---

The effect of lemongrass oil on clinical isolate mastitis pathogens

The aims of this study were to investigate the antibacterial activity of lemongrass oil (LG) and its major components which were citral, geraniol and myrcene, against four strains of clinically isolated bovine mastitis pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, The results demonstrate that S. agalactiae and B. cereus are more susceptible to Lemon grass, citral and geraniol than S. aureus and E. coli. Moreover, they also inhibit S. aureus biofilm formation and exhibit effective killing activities on preformed biofilms. The Lemon grass appears to have multiple targets in the bacterial cell, depending on concentration used as well as the amount of its components. Source: Research in Veterinary Science ( Dec 2011)

---

Activation of intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in cancer cells by Cymbopogon citratus polysaccharide fractions.

In the present study, polysaccharides from C. citratus were extracted and fractionated by anion exchange and gel filtration chromatography. Using these polysaccharide fractions F1 and F2, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities were evaluated against cancer cells in vitro and the mechanism of action of the polysaccharides in inducing apoptosis in cancer cells via intrinsic pathway was also proposed. These polysaccharide fractions exhibited potential cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on carcinoma cells, and they induced apoptosis in these cells through the events of up-regulation of caspase 3, down-regulation of bcl-2 family genes followed by cytochrome c release. Source: Carbohydrate Polymers – Journal (Jul 2014)

---

Link of Lemon grass to Cholesterol

The link between lemongrass and cholesterol was investigated by researchers from the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin, who published their findings in the medical journal Lipids in 1989. They conducted a clinical trial involving 22 people with high cholesterol who took 140-mg capsules of lemongrass oil daily. While cholesterol levels were only slightly affected in some of the participants--cholesterol was lowered from 310 to 294 on average--other people in the study experienced a significant decrease in blood fats. The latter group, characterized as responders, experienced a 25-point drop in cholesterol after one month, and this positive trend continued over the course of the short study. After three months, cholesterol levels among the responders had decreased by a significant 38 points. Once the responders stopped taking lemongrass, their cholesterol returned to previous levels. It should be noted that this study did not involve a placebo group, which is usually used to help measure the effects of the agent being studied (in this case, lemongrass oil).
Neurobehavioral Effects :   (1) Study of myrcene in rats suggests anxiolytic activity. (2) Study of essential oil produced marked CNS depression in mice, similar to chlorpromazine effect. Also, it increased sleepness time, similar to a thiopental effect.
Antinociceptive / Analgesic :   Myrcene extract from the essential oil has been shown to have an antinociceptive effect.
Antitumoral :   (1) Study showed a-myrcene possess antimutagenic activity in mammary cells. (2) Plant compounds, a-limonene and geraniol showed inhibition of liver and intestinal mucous membrane cancer in mice. (3) Study in Thailand showed inhibition of colorectal neoplasia in mice. (4) Study showed inhibitory effects on early phase hepatocarcinogenesis in rats after initiation with diethylnitrosamine.

Lemon grass Usage, Dosage

Where can I get or buy Lemon grass?

Lemon grass thrives in the wild even without too much care. It can be grown in pots and gardens. The stalks and leaves are harvested and used. Fresh Lemon grass can also be bought in most Asian markets by bundles.
Lemon grass oil extract can also be bought in most grocery and health foods stores. Lemon grass comes in various forms, such as powder, dried leaves and essential oil. Amazon lists Lemongrass Essential Oil. 10 ml.

Lemon Grass Tea Preparation

1. Pound or cut about 10 leaves of lemon grass
2. Then add in 2 cups of boiling water for 10 to 15 minutes,
3. Strain, add sugar and a slice of ginger to taste.
4. Let it cool and drink a cup three to four times a day.
5. Make new lemon grass herbal tea as needed.

When symptoms persist or irritation occurs stop the use and consult your doctor.
Lemon grass oil (food grade) can also be used to make tea by diluting 2 teaspoon of lemon grass oil to a cup of boiling water.

Lemon grass Liniment Preparation

• Boil equal amounts of chopped leaves and roots with freshly made coconut oil
• You can also mix 2 drops of Lemon grass oil to an ounce of your usual oil used such as coconut oil, olive oil, etc.

Lemongrass Baths and Compress

Chop about a cup of lemon grass leaves to a liter of water. Let it boil and strain. You can add it to your bath or you can use it as herbal compress for skin infections.
Lemon grass oil can also be added to a bath or warm water for hot compress. a tablespoon of oil for every 500ml for compress is suggested.

Lemon grass use Warnings and Side Effects

When cooked and properly prepared, eating Lemon grass has been proven beneficial even for young children, pregnant women and breast feeding mothers.
Lemongrass is not known to be harmful when taken in recommended dosages. However, individuals should always take caution before using any treatment.
Pregnancy and Breast feeding. The essential oil should not be used internally by children, women who are pregnant or breast-feeding.
Liver or kidney disease. When used for various medication, There are reports of the following

• Burning sensation(s)
• Skin Irritation, discomfort, and rash
• Lowered blood glucose

While Lemongrass is not known to have an adverse effect with known drugs and supplements. Nonetheless It is advisable to limit the use of Lemongrass for the following medical conditions

• Individuals taking oral diabetes drugs
• Individuals taking anti-hypertensive drugs
• Individuals with diabetes and / or individuals who are hypoglycemic

Allergies. In rare cases, lemongrass essential oil has caused allergic reactions when applied to the skin. To minimize skin irritation, dilute the oil in a carrier oil such as safflower or sunflower seed oil before application. As with all essential oils, small amounts should be used, and only for a limited time.
Can cause eye irritation. Avoid getting lemongrass (herb or oil) in the eyes.